Bergen Hill refers to the lower Hudson Palisades in New Jersey, where they emerge on Bergen Neck,[1] which in turn is the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers, and their bays. In Hudson County, it reaches a height of 260 feet.[2]

Rail routes across Bergen Hill and their terminals ca. 1900

Rail

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Western portals of Bergen Hill Tunnels, Long Dock Tunnel, Bergen Arches, and Route 1 Extension
 
Western portal of North River Tunnels

Artificial features of Bergen Hill include the 19th century and early 20th century railroad rights-of-way. Cuts and tunnels created to provide access to the terminals and ferries on the North River (Hudson River) and Upper New York Bay, and eventually under the river. From south to north they are:

 
Freight in Bergen Hill Cut

Streetcars

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The North Hudson County Railway or its predecessor was responsible for many of the innovative engineering works which made streetcar travel on the east face of Bergen Hill possible, including funicular wagon lifts, an inclined elevated, a luxurious elevator, horseshoe curves, and viaducts.[citation needed]

Vehicular cuts

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Other major excavations and structures for vehicular traffic have significantly altered Bergen Hill. Kennedy Boulevard at Journal Square and Journal Square Transportation Center both span the large ravine created there. The divided highway connecting the Pulaski Skyway to the Holland Tunnel runs parallel to the Long Dock Tunnel. The Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix connects the Lincoln Tunnel, which itself enters the Palisades before submerging under the Hudson River. Paterson Plank Road, the Wing Viaduct, Hackensack Plank Road, Pershing Road, Gorge Road are located on the face of the cliffs. Shippen Street in Weehawken is small street that makes a double hairpin turn.[citation needed]

Jersey City section

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Bergen Hill, Jersey City has sometimes been called colloquially "The Hill",[20] and gives name to The Bergen Hill Historic District[21] Other prominent landmarks on the east side of the hill are the former Jersey City Medical Center (which since 2005 is being renovated and restored as an emerging neighborhood known as Beacon) and the Jersey City High School. Summit Avenue, which starts at The Junction in the Bergen-Lafayette Section follows the route of a path used by Native Americans from their settlement at Communipaw, and was used by New Netherlanders from that village on the bay to the one on the ridge at Bergen. It intersected Newark Plank Road, an early colonial "turnpike" which ran from Paulus Hook over the hill, at Five Corners, and continued north through Bergen Woods,[22] where it connected with Paterson Plank Road and Hackensack Plank Road.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Manchester, James G. (1919). "The Minerals of the Bergen Archways". American Mineralogist. 4: 107–116. Archived from the original on 2011-11-19. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
  2. ^ "Hudson County High Point, New Jersey". Peakbagger.com.
  3. ^ "Pennsylvania Railroad cut, Mt Pleasant, Bergen Hill, Jersey City, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  4. ^ Bulger, Teresa D. (May 7, 2019). "Feats of Engineering: Bridging the Hackensack River and Cutting through Bergen HillDocumentation for Three Historic Resources that Help Move Commerce and Commuters throughout the Port of New York and New Jersey" (PDF). NJDOT. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  5. ^ Karnoutsos, Carmela. "Bergen Arches". Jersey City Past and Present. New Jersey City University. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017.
  6. ^ "Stone above Long Dock Tunnel". Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
  7. ^ a b "The New Bergen Tunnel" (PDF). New York Times. May 12, 1877. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  8. ^ French, Kenneth (2002). Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. Images of Rail. Arcadia Publishing. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2.
  9. ^ NJ Transit (May 10, 2001). "NJ Transit to Begin Rehabilitation of Aging Bergen Tunnel in Early Summer" (Press release). Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  10. ^ "Bergen Tunnel". Bergen Hill Tunnel & Waldo Yard Tunnel. Archived from the original on 2014-11-07. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  11. ^ "Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910The Bergen Hill Tunnels. Paper No. 1154". Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers. LXVIII. September 1910. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-03-29 – via Project Gutenberg.
  12. ^ "A Substantial El Dorado; Weehawken's Counterpart of the City of Gold" (PDF). New York Times. July 17, 1892. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  13. ^ "Design and Construction of the Weehawken Tunnel and Bergenline Avenue Station for the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Transit System". TRB Publications Index. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. November 2003. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
  14. ^ "New York - West Shore & Buffalo RR tunnel, Weehawken, Bergen Hill, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Archived from the original on 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  15. ^ "at western portal". State of New Jersey.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "Palisades Tunnel completed". New York Times. May 14, 1894. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.(subscription required)
  17. ^ "The Palisades Tunnel; It May Be Completed Before the Year Ends" (PDF). New York Times. March 17, 1893. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  18. ^ "Palisades Tunnel". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2003-05-15.
  19. ^ "New York - Susquehanna & Western Railroad tunnel, Edgewater, Bergen Co., New Jersey, USA". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  20. ^ "Jersey City History". City of Jersey City.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^ "Bergen Hill Historic District map". City of Jersey City. Archived from the original on 2009-06-26. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  22. ^ Olszewski, Anthony (2002). "From Before the Revolutionary War! Jersey City's Oldest House". City of Jersey City. Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2009-09-21.

40°43′03″N 74°04′14″W / 40.717363°N 74.070515°W / 40.717363; -74.070515