Sabah People's United Front or in Malay Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah is more commonly known by its abbreviation BERJAYA, was a political party based in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. BERJAYA was formed by former United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) secretary-general Harris Salleh who was later joined by Fuad Stephens, who served as the first Chief Minister of Sabah as well as president of the United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO). Stephens became the fifth Chief Minister after BERJAYA won the 1976 state election in April but died in June the same year, being succeeded by Salleh.[1][2] The party had been a partner of Barisan Nasional (BN), the then ruling coalition of Malaysia since its inception on 15 July 1975.[3]
Sabah People's United Front | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Malay name | Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah ڤرتي برساتو رعيت جلتا سابه |
| Chinese name | 沙巴人民聯合陣綫 沙巴人民联合阵线 Shābā rénmín liánhé zhènxiàn |
| Abbreviation | BERJAYA |
| Leader | Harris Salleh |
| Founded | 15 July 1975 |
| Dissolved | 1991 |
| Split from | USNO |
| Merged into | UMNO Sabah |
| Headquarters | Sinsuran Complex Kota Kinabalu, Sabah |
| National affiliation | Barisan Nasional (1976-1986) |
| Party flag | |
 | |
BERJAYA governed the state of Sabah for 8 years from 1976 to 1985 after it won the 1976 state election and ousted USNO,[4] Fuad was installed as Sabah's fifth Chief Minister, his second time holding the post. He replaced Mohammad Said Keruak of USNO. However, barely 44 days after becoming Chief Minister, Fuad died in a plane crash in Kota Kinabalu on 6 June 1976, known as the Double Six Tragedy. Along with him, several other state ministers also perished, including Datuk Peter Joinod Mojuntin, who was the Minister of Local Government and Housing. Harris then took over his post, becoming the sixth Chief Minister of Sabah.
In the 1981 state election, BERJAYA again won, this time with an overwhelming majority. They won 44 out of 48 seats contested.[5] In 1984, party member Joseph Pairin Kitingan left the party to form Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS). This newly formed party defeated BERJAYA in the 1985 state election.[6]
In the 1990 state election, BERJAYA's support has evidently dwindled as they failed to win a single seat in the election and it was ousted by United Sabah Party (PBS).[7] The party then effected a merger with USNO to form the Sabah chapter of the Peninsular-based United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). USNO's president Tun Mustapha Harun became Sabah UMNO's first president, while Harris became an adviser to the party.[8]
History
editOn 23 April 1975, Mustapha Harun, chief minister of Sabah from the USNO party, announced a memorandum named "The Future Position of Sabah in Malaysia" where he argued that Sabah would be economically better if Sabah exists as an independent country.[9] Malaysia's federal government decided to sponsor the formation of a new party named BERJAYA with Harris Salleh, former dissident vice-president of USNO as its founder.[9][10] The federal government also persuaded Fuad Stephens, the governor of Sabah at that time, to resign from the governorship and join Harris in fighting against USNO. Both BERJAYA and USNO were within the Barisan Nasional (BN) governing coalition at the federal level but BERJAYA became the opposition at the state level, opposing USNO. The rivalry of the two parties ended in 1976 Sabah state election when BERJAYA emerged victorious against USNO.[9]
Election results
edit| Election year | Malaysia Parliament | Sabah State Assembly | Outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | Seats won | Candidates | Seats won | ||
| 1976 | - | - | 48 | 28 / 48
|
 28 seats; Sabah state government
|
| 1978 | 10 | 9 / 154
|
- | - | 9 seats; Federal governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
| 1981 | - | - | 48 | 44 / 48
|
16 seats; Sabah state government (Barisan Nasional, contested under Berjaya ticket) |
| 1982 | 11 | 10 / 154
|
- | - | 1 seat; Federal governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
| 1985 | - | - | 48 | 6 / 48
|
 38 seats; Sabah state opposition (Barisan Nasional) |
| 1986 | - | - | 37 | 1 / 48
|
5 seats; Sabah state opposition (Barisan Nasional) Snap election |
| 1986 | 9 | 0 / 177
|
- | - | 10 seats; No representation in Parliament
|
| 1990 | - | - | 48 | 0 / 48
|
1 seats; No representation in State Assembly
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "UPKO/PDS". Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah". Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Sin, Fong Han (April 1979). "A Constitutional Coup D'Etat: An Analysis of the Birth and Victory of the Berjaya Party in Sabah, Malaysia". Asian Survey. 19 (4): 379–389. doi:10.2307/2643858. JSTOR 2643858.
- ^ Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1976 )
- ^ Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1981 )
- ^ Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1985 )
- ^ Malaysia - Pilihan Raya - Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah ( 1990 )
- ^ "The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994 International" (PDF). Hamdan Aziz (Ph.D) & Syahrin Said, Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12. 2017. ISSN 2222-6990. Retrieved 25 September 2021 – via HR Mars.
- ^ a b c S. Hazis, Faisal (2018). "Domination, Contestation, and Accommodation: 54 Years of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia". Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. doi:10.20495/seas.7.3_341.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Chin, James (October 1994). "The Sabah State Election of 1994: End of Kadazan Unity". Asian Survey. 34 (10): 904–915. doi:10.2307/2644969. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
