Bernarda Ruiz de Rodríguez (c.1804 – 1880)[1] was a Californio, best known for allegedly brokering the Treaty of Cahuenga between U.S. Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Frémont and Mexican General Andrés Pico on January 13, 1847 at Campo de Cahuenga in what is now Universal City, Los Angeles, California.
Biography
editRuiz was born in Santa Barbara, California, United States,[1] the daughter of a sergeant and an heiress.[2] When the Mexican–American War broke out, many of her sons joined the fighting. Lt. Col. John C. Frémont, along with a band of 400 men, took over Santa Barbara, and made their base a hotel near Ruiz's home, from which they were planning an attack on Los Angeles. The tale goes that, knowing that the Americans were likely to win, Ruiz requested, and was granted, a 10-minute audience with Fremont. The 10 minutes became several hours, while she laid out a plan for "a 'generous peace' that would include Pico's pardon, release of prisoners, equal rights for all Californians, respect of property rights, and the opportunity for Mexican citizens to peaceably return to Mexico if they wanted".[3]
After convincing Fremont, Ruiz met with Mexican General Andrés Pico, who arranged to draft the Treaty of Cahuenga almost entirely from Ruiz's suggestions. This informal treaty was influential in the drafting of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which formally ended the Mexican–American War and ceded the Southwest to the United States.[citation needed] The story of Bernarda Ruiz is based largely on two short paragraphs and a footnote in Fremont's memoirs, first published in 1887.[4] Many aspects of the story cannot be verified in primary source materials.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b "RUIZ, BERNARDA (1802–1880)" (PDF). Depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ "Woman Helped Bring a Peaceful End to Mexican-American War". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 31 October 2017.[dead link]
- ^ Hadley Meares. "In a State of Peace and Tranquility: Campo de Cahuenga and the Birth of American California". Kcet.org. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Fremont, John C. (1887). Memoirs of My Life and Times. Chicago: Belford, Clarke & Co. ISBN 9780815411642.
- ^ Boba, Eleanor. "Campo de Cahuenga: Overlooked Landmark". Photo Friends of the Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
External links
edit- "Bernarda Ruiz de Rodríguez". Eduplace.com. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- "Campo de Cahuenga". Campodecahuenga.com. Retrieved 31 October 2017.