Berno (c. 978 – 7 June 1048) was the Abbot of Reichenau from his appointment by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1008. He reformed the Gregorian chant. He compiled a tonarius, dealing with the organisation of the church chants into 'tones' – eight modes of the Gregorian chant.
Following the reforms initiated under Abbot Immo, who imposed the Benedictine rule at Reichenau, under Berno's guidance the abbey reached its peak as a centre of learning, with a productive scriptorium, as a centre of Benedictine monasticism and eleventh-century liturgical and musical reforms in the German churches.[1] At Reichenau he erected the tall western tower and transept that stand today on the island site of Reichenau-Mittelzell.[2] One of his most famous students was Hermann of Reichenau, who transmitted Arabic mathematics and astronomy to central Europe.
Politically the abbot cleaved to his patrons Henry and to Henry III, duke of Bavaria and eventually Emperor, and wrote many letters and missives to the Hungarian kings Saint Stephen I of Hungary and Peter Orseolo of Hungary, containing various historical information about the Hungarian kingdom of that time useful for the historian. His activity in regard to Hungary was specially important during the reign of Stephen, as his wife was Gisela, the emperor Henry II's sister.[3]
Notes
edit- ^ Hartmut Möller, "Zur Reichenauer Offiziumstradition der Jahrtausendwende" Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 29.1/4 (1987), pp. 35-61.
- ^ The monograph on the constructions and reconstructions at Reichenau is Alfons Zettler, Die Frühen Klosterbauten der Reichenau: Ausgrabungen-Schriftquellen—St. Galler Klosterplan (Sigmaringen) 1988.
- ^ Az államalapítás korának írott forrásai, Szegedi Középkorász Műhely, Szeged, (1999)
References
edit- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Roland Rappmann, Alfons Zettler. 1998. Die Reichenauer Mönchsgemeinschaft und ihr Totengedenken im frühen Mittelalter (Sigmaringen : Thorbecke) ISBN 3-7995-7355-0
External links
edit- List of Berno's works with online texts
- Berno of Reichenau. "Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1344, fol. 3r-33v". Tonarium with prologue, Lorsch (mid 11th century). Retrieved 22 October 2013.