Elizabeth Anderson may refer to:
- Beth Anderson (composer) (born 1950), American composer
- Beth Anderson (singer) (born 1954), American pop singer and voice actress
- Betty Anderson, fictional character in the 1956 novel and subsequent 1960s US TV series Peyton Place
- Betty Anderson, fictional character in the 1950s US TV series Father Knows Best
- Betty Baxter Anderson (1908–1966), American author
- Betty Lise Anderson, American electrical engineer
- Lilly de Castella (born Elizabeth Anne Anderson), Australian colonist and winemaker
- Bessie Anderson Stanley (1879–1952), American poet
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917), English physician and feminist, the first woman to gain a medical qualification in Britain
- Liz Anderson (educator) (born 1970), Canadian educator and creator of the Accelerated Learning Framework
- Liz Anderson (1927–2011), American singer-songwriter
- Elizabeth Milbank Anderson (1850–1921), American philanthropist, advocate for public health and women's education
- Elizabeth Preston Anderson (1861–1954), American suffragist and temperance worker
- Elizabeth S. Anderson (born 1959), American philosopher
- Betty Harvie Anderson, Baroness Skrimshire of Quarter (1913–1979), British politician
- PS Eliza Anderson (1858–1898), American paddle steamer
- Elizabeth Anderson, Democratic nominee for Alabama's 6th congressional district in 2024