In the United Kingdom, Ireland,[1] Australia and New Zealand, a betting shop is a shop away from a racecourse ("off-course") where one can legally place bets in person with a licensed bookmaker. Most shops are part of chains, including William Hill, Ladbrokes, or Coral. In Australia and New Zealand, they are operated by totalisator agencies. In the United States post PASPA, brands like DraftKings, FanDuel and William Hill have a presence. Betting shops include America's Betshop and Betfred.
Scale
editIn 2016, there were around 9,000 betting shops located in the UK.[2] The number of shops grew rapidly in the 21st century. One street in Newham has the largest number of bookmakers concentrated in one place: 18 on the street and about 80 in a local zone.[3] However, in 2020, during the coronavirus crisis, many betting shops closed permanently.[4]
Legislation
editOff-course betting was illegal until the Betting and Gaming Act 1960 was introduced, although bets could be placed at a racecourse ("on-course") on any event, not just the races being held at that course. Credit betting by post or telephone was legal because of a loophole in the law of "resorting to a house for the purpose of betting" was taken to mean physically resorting to the house rather than simply communicating with someone there.[5] Windows were required to be covered. Gambling in the United Kingdom is regulated by The Gambling Commission and the Gambling Act 2005.[6]
It is also illegal to allow children under 18 into a betting shop.[7] A 2009 investigation determined that 98 out of 100 betting shops visited would allow children to place a bet.[8]
Facilities
editAt a betting shop, typically there will be noticeboards listing the racing form for the day's horse racing from trade issues of the Racing Post or a similar equestrian publication.[citation needed]
Most betting shops now offer free tea and coffee to attract punters. They usually have large televisions covering all the events, like an American sports bar. Until 1986 they were not allowed to have live broadcast coverage, but the bookmaker often had a small portable television or transistor radio hidden behind the counter. Because punters could not see or hear live coverage, some bookmakers deceived punters by claiming a different result from the actual one, or could otherwise alter the declared starting price.[9] This changed in 1986, and Satellite Information Services was formed to screen live races to betting shops. Greyhound races are now timed to the second on the feed pictures, since a scam that intercepted and slightly delayed the broadcast feed for greyhound races, which typically last less than two minutes. By delaying the feed slightly, an accomplice on-course who had already seen the result could communicate by telephone with one in a betting shop off-course, who would bet on a racing certainty.[citation needed]
The larger chains also operate at sports grounds, where bets are placed using pre-printed betting slips. Winnings from bets placed at these facilities can then usually be collected on site, by post or from one of the high street branches.[10][better source needed]
Fixed-odds betting terminals
editIn 2013–2014 there was significant controversy with more betting shops springing up on High streets in the United Kingdom, encouraging poor people to gamble, especially to play fixed odds betting terminals. Betting shops are strictly regulated in the number of machines they can have and the payout they can provide.[11] On 27 April 2014, the Government announced proposals to give local authorities more power to limit the number and form of betting shops in their jurisdictions.[12]
A £2 stake limit was introduced for FOBTs in 2019.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ Sheerin, Brian. "Confusion reigns in Ireland as government edict states betting shops should shut". www.racingpost.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ "How many betting shops are there in the UK?". Bookmakers Near Me. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
- ^ "The street with 18 betting shops". BBC News Online. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
- ^ Foy, Simon (2020-08-05). "William Hill warns in-store betting will never recover". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
- ^ Herbert, A. P. (1935). "The Bookmaker's Telephone". Uncommon Law. Methuen Publishing.
- ^ Lamont, Tom. "The big gamble: the dangerous world of British betting shops". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Guidance to licensing authorities". Gambling Commission. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Doward, Jamie. "98% of bookies allow under-age to bet". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ McCririck, John (1993). World of Betting. Stanley Paul. ISBN 978-0091771652.
- ^ HappyLuke
- ^ "Gaming machine (fruit machine, slot machine) categories". www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
- ^ "Local councils to get more betting shop powers". BBC News Online. 27 April 2014.
- ^ "New limits on FOBT gambling machines could shut third of outlets". Financial Times. 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2023-04-06.