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Bishop's Palace (Galveston, Texas)

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The Bishop's Palace, also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate 19,082 square feet (1,772.8 m2)[2] Victorian-style house, located on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The building was designed by Nicholas J. Clayton for Walter Gresham and completed in 1892. The Archidiocese of Galveston purchased the property in 1923 and used it as its headquarters for four decades, after which they opened it up for tours. In 2013, the Galveston Historical Foundation (GHF) acquired the property. As of 2024, GHF continues to maintain the property and keep it open for public tours.

Bishop's Palace
Bishop's Palace in 1967
Bishop's Palace is located in Texas
Bishop's Palace
Bishop's Palace
Bishop's Palace is located in the United States
Bishop's Palace
Bishop's Palace
Location1402 Broadway,
Galveston, Texas
Coordinates29°18′17″N 94°46′55″W / 29.30472°N 94.78194°W / 29.30472; -94.78194
Area0.4 acres (0.16 ha)
Built1887 (1887)-1892 (1892)
ArchitectNicholas J. Clayton
Architectural styleLate Victorian, Eclectic
Website1892 Bishop's Palace
Part ofEast End Historic District (ID75001979[1])
NRHP reference No.70000746[1]
RTHL No.139
Significant dates
Added to NRHPAugust 25, 1970
Designated NHLDCPMay 11, 1976
Designated CPMay 30, 1975
Designated RTHL1967

History

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Bishop's Residence Galveston TX, (postcard c. 1900)

The house was built between 1887 and 1892 by Galveston architect Nicholas J. Clayton for lawyer and politician Walter Gresham, his wife Josephine, and their nine children.

Construction costs in 1892 are estimated at $250,000, while Clayton condensed many elaborate and eclectic design features onto a small homestead. Since Galveston experienced little population growth in the twentieth century, the high Victorian design of Bishop's Palace and other Clayton works from the 1890s characterize the town's architectural landscape.[3] Clayton alternated medieval and Renaissance details onto the four towers, each rising four stories. In addition to these four towers, several chimneys combine to create an illusion of a cluster of houses or a village. Clayton constructed other exterior features from a variety of Texas stones, including granite and sandstone, all custom-cut on site.[4]

The Gresham mansion was made all of stone, and was sturdy enough to withstand the great hurricane of 1900. The Greshams welcomed hundreds of survivors of the hurricane into their home.[5]

In 1923 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galveston purchased the house, and, situated across the street from the Sacred Heart Church, it served as the residence for Bishop Christopher E. Byrne.[6][failed verification] After the diocesan offices were moved to Houston, the diocese opened the mansion to the public in 1963, with proceeds from tours being used to help fund the UT medical school's Newman Center, which operated in the basement.

Bishop's Palace attained Recorded Texas Historic Landmark status in 1967. It was listed with the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and was added to the Galveston East End Historic District in 1975.[7]

The house is now owned by the Galveston Historical Foundation and self-guided tours are available daily. A portion of each admission supports the preservation and restoration of the property.

The Galveston Historical Foundation (GHF) acquired Bishop's Palace from the archdiocese in 2013 for $3 million. Most of the purchase price was funded by two large grants, one from the Moody Foundation for $1.5 million and the other from the Harris and Eliza Kempner Fund for $350,000.[8] GHF started a multi-million dollar renovation of Bishop's Palace in 2020, including a restoration of roof to its original copper tile construction and a renovation of the conservatory.[9]

Layout

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Circa 1970
 
View from the West. An atypical view
 
Lion of St Mark outside Bishop's Palace

Bishop's Palace has four floors. The raised basement which once housed the kitchen and servant's areas now contains the store. This basement is followed by three formal floors.

First floor

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Entryway
Leading to the entryway are stairs cut from blue granite, framed by granite balustrades, and leading to an archway. The large doors are made of oak.[4]
Main Hall
The entrance to the main hall is framed by marble pillars and two marble sculptures. Four polished marble pillars support the ceiling made of oak veneer. The main hall leads to four rooms. To the left, through carved double doors are two parlors. To the left, through another set of carved double doors, are the dining room and library.[4]

Parlor
Music Room
Rotunda Staircase
Library/Office
The library is paneled in walnut and contains a marble fireplace and mantel.[4]

Dining Room
The Dining Room was surrounded by service rooms, with access from the kitchen, servant's hall, and butler's pantry.[10]

Conservatory
Pantry
Kitchen - This room was originally just a warming kitchen, but Bishop Byrne expanded the room.
Servant's Hall
The servant's hall was located at the rear of the house, behind the kitchen. It has access to a service stairway, and an elevator, which replaced the dumbwaiter originally installed in the house.[10]

Coat Closet - The coat closet is tucked around the back side of the rotunda staircase and contains a Pullman sink from the famed Pullman railcars.

Second floor

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  • Living Room - The Gresham family often listened to music here during the hot summer months.
  • Bishop's Bedroom - This was originally a bedroom of one of the Gresham daughters, but Bishop Byrne chose it for his own with its private balcony and lighting. He converted the closet into a bathroom.
  • Chapel - This was also previously one of the Gresham daughter's bedrooms. When the Diocese moved in, the windows were replaced with stained-glass, and a fresco depicting the four gospel writers was painted on the ceiling. The room was also outfitted with an altar and six prayer kneelers.
  • Mr. Gresham's Room
  • Mrs. Gresham's Room
  • Bathroom - The tub in this bathroom is of note for its three spigots: one for hot, one cold, and one for rainwater.
  • Bedroom for guests or the children's governess.

Third floor

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  • The boys' rooms
  • Mrs. Gresham's art studio
  • Additional storage

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  2. ^ West, Allyn (June 11, 2013). "UNLOADING GALVESTON'S BISHOP'S PALACE". Swamplot.com. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  3. ^ McComb (1986), p. 99.
  4. ^ a b c d Barnstone (1993), p. 150.
  5. ^ Teague, Wells (2000). Calling Texas Home: A Lively Look at What It Means to Be a Texan, p. 96. Wildcat Canyon Press.
  6. ^ McComb, David G. (2002). Galveston: A History, p. 65. University of Texas Press.
  7. ^ Long, Christopher (July 15, 2016). "Bishop's Palace". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  8. ^ Rice, Harvey (July 24, 2013). "Galveston foundation buys Bishop's Palace". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  9. ^ Hennes, Rebecca (February 21, 2020). "Galveston Island's beloved 1892 Bishop's Palace undergoing renovations". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Barnstone (1993), p. 151.

Bibliography

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  • Barnstone, Howard (1993). The Galveston that Was (Annotated reprint ed.). Houston: Rice University Press. ISBN 978-0890968871.
  • Beasley, Ellen; Fox, Stephen (1996). Galveston Architectural Guidebook. Houston: Rice University Press. ISBN 0-89263-345-X.
  • McComb, David G. (1986). Galveston: A History. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-72053-4.
  • Teague, Wells (2000). Calling Texas Home: A Lively Look at What It Means to Be a Texan. Berkeley, CA: Wildcat Canyon Press. ISBN 1-885171-38-2.
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