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The black mamo (Drepanis funerea), also known as the hoa, is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper once endemic to the island of Molokai; there is also subfossil evidence of it having lived on Maui.[3]
| Black mamo | |
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| Black mamo (Drepanis funerea) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | Drepanis |
| Species: | †D. funerea
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| Binomial name | |
| †Drepanis funerea Newton, 1894
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| Synonyms | |
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Description
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It measured 8 inches (20 cm) from bill to tail, and was black with faded white primaries and yellow at the base of the bill. The highly decurved bill was longer in the male. Often the forehead would be dusted with pollen of its favorite food, the Lobelia. The mamo's song was a group of nasal whistles that sounded like a flute along with a long held out trill. This bird has had many names including Molokai mamo, o’o nuku’umu, which meant "o’o with sucking beak", and Perkins's mamo, after ornithologist R.C.L Perkins who produced most of the information about this species.
By habit an understory bird, it was affected by the introduction of cattle and deer which destroyed much of its habitat, as well as direct and egg predation by introduced rats and mongooses.
It was discovered in 1893 in the Pelekuna Valley, and named Drepanis funerea by Perkins because it appeared to him to be a dark mourning bird.
The last specimen was collected in 1907 by William Alanson Bryan. Tim Flannery quoted him as having written, "To my joy I found the mangled remains hanging in the tree in a thick bunch of leaves, six feet or more beyond where it had been sitting." Even if Bryan did not shoot the last black mamo, sightings stopped within a few years, and a large-scale search for this bird in 1936 found no specimens.
Preserved specimens of the black mamo include the ones at Bremen, Boston, Honolulu, London and New York City.
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Drepanis funerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22720852A94686803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720852A94686803.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ American Museum of Natural History Research Library (2016). "Drepanorhynchus funereus. page 165, in Avifauna of Laysan, Part 1, by the Hon. Walter Rothschild". Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ Hume (2012), p. 310
Cited sources
edit- Hume, Julian P.; Walters, Michael (2012). Extinct Birds. London, UK: T & AD Poyser. ISBN 978-1-4081-5725-1.
- Extinct Birds of Hawaii
- Tim Flannery & Peter Schouten, A Gap in Nature, ISBN 1-876485-77-9
External links
edit- Species factsheet - BirdLife International