A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.
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Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.
In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Etymology
editThe word boulevard is borrowed from French. In France, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from the Dutch word bolwerk 'bulwark'.[1]
Notable examples
editBoulevards of Asia
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-
Keshavarz Boulevard of Tehran in mid 1970s -
-
Australia and Oceania
editAustralia
edit- St Kilda Road, Melbourne
- Royal Parade, Melbourne
- Victoria Parade, Melbourne
- Flemington Road, Melbourne
- Mount Alexander Road, Melbourne
- The Boulevard, Perth
New Zealand
edit- The Four Avenues, Christchurch
- Anzac Avenue, Dunedin
- Marine Parade, Napier
Boulevards of Oceania
-
-
-
Marine Parade, Napier -
Bealey Avenue, one of Christchurch's Four Avenues
Europe
editAustria
editDenmark
editBoulevards in Copenhagen:
- Nørre Voldgade
- H. C. Andersens Boulevard
- Vesterbrogade
- Sønder Boulevard
- Dalgas Boulevard
- Strandboulevarden
- Frederiksberg Allé
France
editGermany
edit- Unter den Linden, Berlin
- Kurfürstendamm, Berlin
- Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin
- Boulevard der Stars, Berlin
- Königsallee, Düsseldorf
- Goerdelerring, Leipzig
- Brienner Straße, Munich
- Leopoldstraße, Munich
- Maximilianstraße, Munich
- Prinzregentenstraße, Munich
Hungary
edit- Little Boulevard, Budapest
- Grand Boulevard, Budapest
- Hungária Boulevard, Budapest[3]
Ireland
edit- O'Connell Street, Dublin
Italy
editNetherlands
editSpain
edit- Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, Barcelona
- Avenida de la Granvia de Hospitalet, Barcelona
- Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona
- Alameda Principal, Málaga
Portugal
editRussia
edit- Boulevard Ring, Moscow
- Garden Ring, Moscow
Boulevards of Europe
-
Boulevard Haussmann in Paris -
Combino Supra at the Grand Boulevard in Budapest -
![Foro Buonaparte [it] in Milan](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Milano_-_Foro_Buonaparte_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Milano_-_Foro_Buonaparte_-_panoramio.jpg)
Foro Buonaparte in Milan -
Avinguda Diagonal in Barcelona -
Clean Ponds in the wide median green of Chistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow
![Foro Buonaparte [it] in Milan](/wiki/File:Milano_-_Foro_Buonaparte_-_panoramio.jpg)
North America
editUnited States
edit- Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn
- Broadway, Manhattan
- West Side Highway, Manhattan
- FDR Drive, Manhattan (future project)
- Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles
- Chicago Boulevard System
- Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia
- Roosevelt Boulevard, Philadelphia
- Southern Boulevard Park, Philadelphia
- Boulevard, Atlanta
- Park Avenue, New York City
- Las Vegas Boulevard, Las Vegas
- Ohio River Boulevard, Pittsburgh
Boulevards of North America
South America
editArgentina
editUruguay
editReferences
edit- ^ Wiktionnaire, [1]
- ^ "Buses to Bring Change". Cebu Daily News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Húsvét után jön a nagykörúti káosz". Index.hu. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Некоммерческий проект бульвары Москвы". Bulwar.ru. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Books
edit- Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003). The Boulevard Book. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
- Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012). Guglielmo du Tillot: regista delle arti nell'età dei Lumi (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma. ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8. OCLC 889616353.
- Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010). Antonio Gaidon 1738-1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.
External links
edit
The dictionary definition of boulevard at Wiktionary- Boulevards in Vietnam
