Franz Roubaud (Russian: Франц Алексеевич Рубо, romanized: Franc Alekseevič Rubo; French: François Iwan Roubaud; 15 June 1856 – 13 March 1928) was a Russian painter of French origin[5] who created some of the largest and best known panoramic paintings. He created circular paintings, exposed on a cylindrical surface and viewed from the inside at a lookout point. His paintings were often believed to reproduce the original scene with high fidelity.
Franz Roubaud | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | François Jean Roubaud 15 June 1856 |
| Died | 13 March 1928 (aged 71) |
| Nationality | Russian[2] German[3][4] |
| Education | |
| Notable work | panoramic painting |
Biography
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Franz (François) Roubaud was born on 15 June 1856 in Odessa to Honoré Fortuné Alexis Roubaud and his wife Magdeleine (née Sénèque). Franz was the fourth of five children in a Catholic family; his father was a bookseller and stationer, originally from Marseille.[6] He studied at the Odessa Drawing School. In 1877 Roubaud went to Munich and studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.[7]
He then settled in Saint Petersburg, working in the Imperial Academy of Arts and painting huge panoramas of historical battles. In 1904-12 Roubaud taught at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts as a professor. During this time he painted the Siege of Sevastopol, a panoramic painting. In the mid-19th century, the various panoramic paintings became a fashionable way to depict landscapes and historical events. The panorama was a 360-degree visual medium patented by the artist Robert Barker in 1787. This was a new thing for the time and for the audiences in Europe of this period these paintings were a sensation. The paintings created a new illusion, transporting the viewer into a virtual reality, creating the perception of being physically present in the middle of the events. When standing in the middle of the 360 degree panorama this created the impression of standing in a new environment.[8]
He became renowned thanks to the giant panoramic paintings he executed during his lifetime. Roubaud's works were so large that they required specially built pavilions to exhibit them. These paintings are one of the few panoramas still extant of a popular 19th-century genre. The viewer stands in the centre of the circular panorama, and observes the various scenes whilst walking around and observing the panorama from different viewing angles.
In 1913 Roubaud left Russia for Germany, settling in Munich. After the outbreak of World War I, the German authorities recognized him as a French citizen, but did not intern him, and on 19 December 1914 they granted him German citizenship.[5] He lived in Munich for the rest of his life and died on 13 March 1928.[9][10]
Works
editList of works
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- Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) – unveiled 1892[11]
- Storm of Achulgo – unveiled 1896, 3 fragments remain in the Dagestan museum of fine arts in Makhachkala, Daghestan[12]
- Siege of Sevastopol (1854) – unveiled in 1905, damaged during the Siege of Sevastopol (1942), restored 1950s
- Battle of Borodino (1812) – unveiled 1911, moved to Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow in 1962
Sevastopol Panorama
editThe Sevastopol Panorama is a giant painting depicting the siege of Sevastopol of 1854–55. The painting was exhibited in a rotunda, a special building constructed in a circular shape. The size of the painting is enormous, but it was a necessity for the realistic depiction of military scenes because of the huge number of participants and the wide sweep of the scenery. Roubaud worked on this painting for almost three years, starting in 1901. He researched the historical events by traveling to Sevastopol, reading about the battle itself as well as by reading historical documents that described the different scenes and incidents during the war. He also talked to surviving participants. Roubaud made his first sketches in Saint Petersburg. He kept working on the painting later at the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts where he decided to use a canvas 14 m high by 115 m long. When he finished the painting, it was displayed in Sevastopol in the summer of 1904, on the fiftieth anniversary of the defence of the city.[13]
Battle of Borodino Panorama
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Other works
edit- Selected works
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Kirghyz horseman with a red flag -
Rider with weapon -
Playing Kokpar -
Caucasian scene -
Circassian Horsemen -
Cossacks near a mountain river -
Market day -
Riverside camp -
The hay cart -
Count Argutinsky crossing the Caucasian range. 1892 -
Post station in the Caucasus 1913
References
edit- ^ "Hidden Histories: Roubaud's Ethnographic View of Jewish Life in Imperial Russia". alvr.com. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Астемир Бижоев – победитель!". den-za-dnem.ru. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ^ "Биография художника Франца Рубо". ria.ru. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
- ^ "По следам Франца Алексеевича Рубо в Баварии". proza.ru. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
- ^ a b "Franz Roubaud / catalogue raisonné". www.roubaud.eu. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ^ Sugrobova-Roth, Olga. "Biography of Franz Roubaud". roubaud.eu. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ "Franz Roubaud A. Biographical index (Russian)". www.hrono.ru. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ [Mieszkowski, Jan, Watching war, 2012, Stanford, California Stanford University Press,ISBN 978-0-8047-8240-1, p.91]
- ^ "Russian artists, Franz Roubaud (Russian)". www.peoples.ru. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ "Borodino panorama". www.atlasobscura.com. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ "Live Bridge - A Scene from the Russo-Persian War". Museum Syndicate. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
- ^ Information by Jamila A. Dagirova, curator at the Dagestan museum of fine arts, 09 March 2015
- ^ Sevastopol Panorama
