Bourail (French pronunciation: [buʁaj]; Ajië: Bu Rhaï) is a commune in the South Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.
Bourail | |
|---|---|
 An aerial view of the centre of Bourail | |
 Location of the commune (in red) within New Caledonia | |
Location of Bourail  | |
| Coordinates: 21°34′12″S 165°28′49″E / 21.5701°S 165.4804°E | |
| Country | France |
| Sui generis collectivity | New Caledonia |
| Province | South Province |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Patrick Robelin[1] |
Area 1 | 797.6 km2 (308.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2019 census)[2] | 5,531 |
| • Density | 6.9/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Ethnic distribution | |
| • 2019 census | Kanaks 35.4% Europeans 30.68% Wallisians and Futunans 2.21% Mixed 12.31% Other 19.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+11:00 |
| INSEE/Postal code | 98803 /98870 |
| Elevation | 0–1,438 m (0–4,718 ft) (avg. 10 m or 33 ft) |
| 1 New Caledonia Land Register (DITTT) data, which exclude lakes and ponds larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers. | |
Geography
editBourail is a rural town of Grande Terre, New Caledonia's main island. The municipality stretches between the mountain ranges running the length of New Caledonia down to the sea. Beaches attract tourists but have retained their natural landscapes, and are popular with surfers. The town lies at the confluence of several rivers, is the crossroads of many valleys including Boghen, Bacouya, Nessadiou, Nera, Tene and La Pouéo.
The territory of the municipality has various natural landscapes:
- Mining landscapes
- Landscapes of valleys and alluvial plains making Bourail the capital of rural New Caledonia
- Coastal mangroves
- The coastline also includes surf beaches and calmer beaches protected by the outer coral reef
- seascapes including reefs and passes
With a density of 6 inhabitants / km ², Bourail has a mix rural and town life.
Climate
editBourail has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The average annual temperature in Bourail is 22.9 °C (73.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,167.6 mm (45.97 in) with March as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in February, at around 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), and lowest in July, at around 19.1 °C (66.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Bourail was 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) on 17 February 1980; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 2.3 °C (36.1 °F) on 17 June 1965.
| Climate data for Bourail (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1962−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.9 (100.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.9 (98.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 136.7 (5.38) |
185.9 (7.32) |
205.0 (8.07) |
105.7 (4.16) |
75.5 (2.97) |
78.8 (3.10) |
60.4 (2.38) |
63.1 (2.48) |
35.0 (1.38) |
36.8 (1.45) |
63.9 (2.52) |
120.8 (4.76) |
1,167.6 (45.97) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.9 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 9.2 | 97.0 |
| Source 1: Météo-France[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Service de la météorologie de la Nouvelle-Calédonie[4] | |||||||||||||
Toponymy
editBourail means "lizard's tail".
This comes from bu rhaï in the Ajie language, bu meaning "tail" and rhaï "the lizard".
Coat of arms
edit
- The two casings represent the Kanak population
- The crescent moon represents the Muslim population
- Blue Cross is the cemetery of New Zealand
- The Bird is the yellow-legged Thrush Moluccan imported control such invasions of locusts
- head of livestock and the Sheaf of Wheat represents the farming community
Slogan
editThe slogan of Bourail used for tourism is "Bourail, land of emotions."
Population and Society
editDemography
edit5,531 inhabitants (2019)
The average age of the population is under 30 years.
Most young people from Bourail continue their studies in Nouméa. To mitigate this requirement, the town has seen several more schools built. There are about 2,000 children attending schools up to high school level, but there is no university.
The inhabitants are called Bouraillais(es), they are nicknamed "Pattes Jaunes", literally "yellow legs" (referring to one of the birds of the region: common Mynas).
Schools
edit- College Louis-Léopold Djiet
- Private College Sacré-Coeur
- Private vocational school Père Guéneau (LPPG-mechanical) and François d'Assise (LPFA-sector)
- Saint-Joseph school (private elementary school)
- Lys d'eau school (maternal + CP-CE1)
- Louise-Michel school (primary school)
Culture
edit- Church of Bourail
- Museum of Bourail
- Cinema
- Library
- The Colisé (theater)
- Music school
Sports grounds
edit- Football stadium
- Sports hall
- Gymnasium
- Tennis courts
People related to Bourail
editThe Pole Antoni Berezowski, who in 1867 tried in Paris to assassinate the emperor Alexander II of Russia, lived in exile in Bourail from 1886 until his death in 1916.[5][6][7][8]
Policy and administration
editKanak tribes
edit- Pothé tribe
- Azareu tribe
- Bouirou tribe
- Ny tribe
- Boregahou tribe
- Gouaro tribe
- Oua-Oué tribe
Districts
edit
- Roche Percée
- Poé
- Gouaro
- Téné
- FSH (Bourail)
- Nandai
- Nessadiou
- Boghen
Sister cities
edit
Economy
editAgriculture
edit
Agriculture has historically been the mainstay of the community. Livestock consists mainly of cattle but also pigs, deer, poultry and beekeeping. Maize and potatoes are the main arable crops, while subsistence farming is also common. The town is often considered the "capital of the Bush" (referring to the rural area of New Caledonia outside of Nouméa and its satellite towns), particularly through the annual Bourail Agricultural Fair.
Tourism
edit
The beaches are open to all activities of the sea and the lagoon. During spawning season, several species of turtles nest on the beaches, and the nests are tagged and guarded. On the beach of Roche Percee, crates are arranged in nests by volunteers to protect the eggs until they hatch. On this coast there are both surf beaches and areas of water sheltered by reefs. Divers can explore the underwater wonders that are now a UNESCO World Heritage of Humanity.
In the provincial domain of Gouaro Deva, a huge project combining business, ecology and tourism aims to create, in the northern reaches of the South Province, a hub of integrated and sustainable development. While a Sheraton hotel and golf course have been constructed, as well as walking and mountain bike tracks, development is continuing as of 2015 with several projects at various stages of completion.
Sites and monuments
edit
- Museum of Bourail
- Fellow of Bourail
- Turtle Bay
- Gouaro Deva
- Arab Cemetery
- New Zealand Cemetery of the Second World War
Events
editAgricultural fair of Bourail
edit
The Bourail Agricultural Fair (FEAAB) takes place every year in mid August, and is the largest annual event in New Caledonia. The event is best known for its rodeo, but also features arts and crafts, equestrian events, livestock judging, woodchopping, as well as farm machinery and commercial stands. The fair takes place on the racecourse at Téné, outside the village of Bourail, and generally attracts 20-25,000 visitors over its 3 days.
Fireworks
editA fireworks display takes place every year on or about July 14 at the public square in the village.
Torch Pacific Games 2011 NC
editFollowing the organization of the Pacific Games in New Caledonia, the "flame of the Games' passed through several municipalities of the island, including Bourail August 21, 2011. Jean-Pierre AIFA, then Mayor of Bourail, was present and the committee chair Pascale Bastien-Thiry and torchbearers. The flame arrived on horseback and was positioned on the podium near the stadium where speeches and a balloon release took place. Several events and booths were present at the Sports Hall during this special day.
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References
edit- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ Population, ménages et logement par commune, en 2019, Institut de la statistique et des études économiques Nouvelle-Calédonie
- ^ "Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records" (PDF). Météo-France. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
- ^ "Climate of Bourail 1981-2010" (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
- ^ Translated from the French Wikipedia.
- ^ (in Polish) Witamy w Wydawnictwie Naukowym Archived March 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Polish)zowski_antoni,haslo.html Onet.pl[permanent dead link]
- ^ Dictionnaire biographique[permanent dead link]
