In radio systems, a biconical antenna is a broad-bandwidth antenna made of two roughly conical conductive objects, nearly touching at their points.[1]
Biconical antennas are broadband dipole antennas, typically exhibiting a bandwidth of three octaves or more. A common subtype is the bowtie antenna, essentially a flattened version of the biconical design which is often used for short-range UHF television reception. These are also sometimes referred to as butterfly antennas.[2]
Sir Arthur Lodge is the inventor of the biconical antenna.[3][4]
Properties
editThe biconical antenna has a broad bandwidth because it is an example of a traveling wave structure; the analysis for a theoretical infinite antenna resembles that of a transmission line. For an infinite antenna, the characteristic impedance at the point of connection is a function of the cone angle only and is independent of the frequency.
Practical antennas have finite length and a definite resonant frequency.[1] A simple conical monopole antenna is a wire approximation of the solid biconical antenna and has increased bandwidth (over a simple monopole).
Applications
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Biconical (or "bicon") antennas are often used in electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing either for immunity testing, or emissions testing.
Advantages and drawbacks
editWhile the bicon is very broadband, it exhibits poor transmitting efficiency at frequencies at the low end of its range, resulting in low field strengths when compared to the input power. Log periodic dipole arrays, Yagi–Uda antennas, and reverberation chambers have shown to achieve much higher field strengths for the power input than a simple biconical antenna in an anechoic chamber.
However, when the goal is to fully characterize a modulated or impulse signal, rather than merely measuring peak and average spectrum energy content, a reverberation chamber is a poor choice for a test environment.
See also
edit- Antenna – general introduction to antennas
- Antenna types – broad review of specific antenna types
- Bicone – a geometric shape similar to one of a truncated biconical antenna's arms
- Discone antenna – a halved biconical – easier to construct and erect than a bicone
- Double cone – the geometric shape of a biconical antenna
- Electromagnetic reverberation chamber – a test environment in which biconicals may be used
- Electromagnetic compatibility – general RF issue, involving testing a device's immunity to radio interference
- Radio transmitter – devices that benefit from transmitting though a biconical
- Television
References
edit- ^ a b Zhang, Zhuohui (2007). Analysis and Design of a Broadband Antenna for Software Defined Radio. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-549-46376-4.
- ^ a b "Bow tie antenna". Antenna-Theory.com. Archived from the original on 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
- ^ Schantz, Hans G. (2015-06-01). The Art and Science of Ultrawideband Antennas, Second Edition. Artech House. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-60807-956-8. Archived from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ US609154A, "Oliver joseph lodge", issued 1898-08-16 Archived 2022-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit
- "UHF discone antenna". northcountryradio.com. Archived from the original on 2003-08-03.
- "The discone antenna". Antennas. QSL.net. KB7QHC.
- Biconical wideband 'homemade' antenna. YouTube (Home made video).