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Brașov County

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Brașov County (Romanian pronunciation: [braˈʃov] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania. Its capital city is Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" (țări) Burzenland and Făgăraș.

Brașov County
Județul Brașov
County
Administrative map
Administrative map
Official seal of Brașov County
Seal
Location of Brașov County in Romania
Location of Brașov County in Romania
Coordinates: 45°47′N 25°17′E / 45.79°N 25.28°E / 45.79; 25.28
Country Romania
Development region1Centru
Historic regionTransylvania
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Brașov
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • President of the County CouncilAdrian Veștea (PNL)
 • Prefect2Mihai-Cătălin Văsii [ro]
Area
 • Total
5,363 km2 (2,071 sq mi)
 • Rank25th in Romania
Population
 (2021-12-01)[1]
 • Total
546,615
 • Rank13th in Romania
 • Density100/km2 (260/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
50wxyz3
Area code+40 x684
Car PlatesBV5
GDP nominalUS$ 12.960 billion (2024)
GDP per capitaUS$ 10,655 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Council
County Prefecture
1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed just to attract funds from the European Union
2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned to have any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionary corps
3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Name

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In Hungarian, it is known as Brassó megye, and in German as Kreis Kronstadt. Under Austria-Hungary, a county with an identical name (Brassó County, Romanian: Comitatul Brașov) was created in 1876, covering a smaller area.

Demographics

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At the 2011 census, the county had a population of 549,217 and the population density was 102.4/km2 (265.2/sq mi).[2]

At the 2021 census, Brașov County had a population of 546,615 and the population density was 101.9/km2 (264.0/sq mi).[2]

Year County population[2][3]
1948 300,836  
1956 373,941  
1966 442,692  
1977 582,863  
1992 642,513  
2002 589,028  
2011 549,217  
2021 546,615  

Traditionally, the Romanian population was concentrated in the west and southwest of the county, the Hungarians in the east part of the county, and the Germans in the north and around Brașov city.

Geography

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The county has a total area of 5,363 km2 (2,071 sq mi).

The south side comprises the Carpathian Mountains (Southern Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians), with the Făgăraș Mountains, the Bucegi Mountains, the Piatra Mare Mountains, the Piatra Craiului Mountains, and the Postăvarul Massif. In the east, there is the Brașov Depression [ro], and in the west, there is the Olt River valley. Between them, there are the Perșani Mountains. The north and west sides of the county are crossed by the Olt River.

In the southern and central part of Brașov County lies the Burzenland, bordered approximately by Apața in the north, Bran in the southwest and Prejmer in the east, with Brașov roughly in the center. To the west lies Țara Făgărașului, bordered to the north by the Olt and to the south by the Făgăraș Mountains; its main city is Făgăraș.

Neighbours

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Economy

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Brașov County is one of the most prosperous regions of Romania and has a tradition of industry. During World War II, IAR 80 and towards the end of the war, Bf 109, fighter aircraft were built in Brașov. During the communist period the county was heavily industrialized, which left it with some very large industrial complexes. Some of them managed to survive and adapt to the capitalist type market economy, but some did not, leading to a high rate of unemployment. Due to new investments, mainly foreign, the economy managed to partially recover.[citation needed]

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Mechanical and automotive industry.
  • Chemical industry.
  • Construction materials.
  • Food industry.

Around Victoria there were big chemical complexes that polluted the region.[citation needed]

Tourism

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Piatra Craiului Mountains

Brașov County contains some of the most attractive tourist destinations in Romania. [citation needed]

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Administration

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The Brașov County Council, renewed at the 2020 Romanian local elections, consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:[4]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 16                                
  Save Romania Union (USR) 8                                
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 8                                
  PRO Romania (PRO) 2                                

Administrative divisions

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Main article: List of settlements in Brașov County
See also: Brașov metropolitan area
 
Brașov (German: Kronstadt)
 
Codlea (German: Zeiden)
 
Făgăraș (German: Fogorasch)
 
Săcele (German: Siebendörfer)

Brașov County has four municipalities, six towns and 48 communes:

Historical county

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Județul Brașov
County (Județ)
 
The Brașov County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the rectory of Transilvania University of Brașov.
 
Coat of arms
 
Country  Romania
Historic regionTransylvania
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Brașov
Established1925
Area
 • Total
2,605 km2 (1,006 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total
167,946
 • Density64/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the central part of Greater Romania, in the southeastern part of Transylvania. Its capital was Brașov. Its territory included the part of the old region of Țara Bârsei. The county's territory was enlarged as a result of the administrative reform of 1925. Its territory covered the eastern part of today's Braşov County and the south of today's Covasna County.

It was bordered on the west by the counties of Făgăraș and Muscel, to the north by Trei Scaune County, to the east by Buzău County, and to the south by the counties of Prahova and Dâmbovița.

History

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Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and was identical with the Brassó County of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1918–1919, the territory of Brașov County came under the administration of the Kingdom of Romania; it was formally transferred to Romania from Hungary as the successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently, he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Brașov County became part of Ținutul Argeș.

In 1940, part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. In September 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, when it was incorporated in the larger Stalin Region, renamed Brașov Region in 1960. Brașov County was re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Administration

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Map of Brașov County as constituted in 1938.

Until the administrative reform of 1925, Brașov County was divided into three administrative districts (plăși), 23 rural communes, and one urban commune (Brașov).

After 1925, the area of the county was similarly divided into three districts:[5]

  1. Plasa Bran, headquartered at Bran.
  2. Plasa Buzăul Ardelean, headquartered at Întorsura Buzăului.
  3. Plasa Săcele (previously named Plasa Brașov), headquartered at Prejmer.

Plasa Bran included the following settlements: Bran, Codlea, Cristian, Fundata, Ghimbav, Hălchiu, Holbav, Măgura, Moieciul de Jos, Moieciul de Sus, Peștera, Poiana Mărului, Predeal, Râșnov, Satu Nou, Șimon, Sohodol, Șirnea, Tohanu Nou, Tohanu Vechi, Țânțari, Vlădeni, Vulcan, and Zărnești.

Plasa Buzăul Ardelean included the following settlements: Barcani, Budila, Dobârlău, Întorsura Buzăului, Mărcuș, Sărămaș, Sita Buzăului, Teliu, and Vama Buzăului.

Plasa Săcele included the following settlements: Apața, Baciu, Bod, Cernatu, Crizbav, Feldioara, Hărman, Măieruș, Prejmer, Purcăreni, Rotbav, Satulung, Sânpetru, Tărlungeni, Turcheș, and Zizin.

Economy

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As a mountain county, agriculture was poorly developed in Brașov. Much of the county's agricultural land was devoted to potatoes, and orchards were planted in hilly areas. Livestock breeding (predominantly cattle and pigs) was an important activity.

Such industry as there was in the county was concentrated in the city of Brașov. In 1925, it had production centers in the chemical, metallurgical, construction, food, textile, machine, pharmaceutical and light industries. Surrounding areas excelled in the metallurgy, extractive, construction, food, textile, and light industries. The city of Brașov was also the main outlet of the county for local products.

Among the natural richness of the county were Zizin's mineral waters, containing sodium bicarbonate, iron, iodine, and carbonic acid. Lignite was exploited at Prejmer, and bituminous coal at Vulcan and Cristian.

Education

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In 1925, there was a state high school (lyceum) for boys and another one for girls, four religious high schools for boys, a gymnasium, six secondary schools, four commercial schools, a normal school for educators, a school of arts and crafts and a school of state for commercial and industrial apprentices. The number of state primary schools was 19 and the religious was 53 (of which, in the Romanian language: 17 Orthodox and 3 Roman Catholic; in the German language: 2 Roman Catholic and 18 Lutheran; in the Hungarian language: 2 Reformed and 10 Lutheran; and one Jewish school)

Population

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The census of 1920 reported 101,953 inhabitants (about 68/km2 (180/sq mi)), of which 36,138 were ethnic Romanians, 33,584 Hungarians, 30,281 Germans, 1,560 Jews, and 390 of other nationalities.

According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 168,125, of which 49.9% were Romanians, 26.6% Hungarians, 19.8% Germans, as well as other minorities.[6] In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 48.8% Eastern Orthodox, 27.8% Lutheran, 9.9% Roman Catholic, 6% Reformed, 2.4% Greek Catholic, 1.7% Jewish, as well as other minorities.[7]

Urban population

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In 1930, the urban population of the county was 59,232, of which 39.3% were Hungarians, 32.7% Romanians, 22.0% Germans, 3.8% Jews, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian was 42.2%, followed by Romanian (32.7%), German (22.4%), Yiddish (0.9%) as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 30.0% Eastern Orthodox, 22.3% Roman Catholic, 22.0% Evangelical (Lutheran), 13.9% Reformed (Calvinist), 4.4% Jewish, 3.5% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Unitarian, as well as other minorities.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brașov County.
  1. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. ^ a b c "Population at 20 October 2011" (in Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002" Archived September 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  5. ^ "Județul Brașov". Portretul României Interbelice (in Romanian).
  6. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 84-85
  7. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 563
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