The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects (officially named the Frederick Douglass Homes, and alternately named Frederick Douglass Projects, Frederick Douglass Apartments, Brewster-Douglass Homes, and Brewster-Douglass Projects) were the largest residential housing project owned by the city of Detroit. It was located in the Brush Park section on the east side of Detroit, Michigan, United States, near the Chrysler Freeway, Mack Avenue and St. Antoine Street. The housing project is named after Brewster Street, which ran through the area, and Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist, author, and reformer. It was demolished in phases between 2003 and 2014.
| Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects | |
|---|---|
 The four remaining towers as seen in 2010 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Residential |
| Address | 2700 St. Antoine Street |
| Town or city | Detroit, Michigan |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 42°20′58″N 83°03′00″W / 42.34944°N 83.05000°W |
| Groundbreaking | 1935 |
| Completed | 1942–1952 |
| Demolished | 2003–2014 |
| Height | 161 ft (49 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 14 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Harley, Ellington & Day; Detroit Housing Commission; Smith Hinchman & Grylls |
| References | |
| [1] | |
The complex was home to such notable figures as Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard, Loni Love, and Etterlene DeBarge, during their early years.
History
editHastings Street
editHastings Street was the center of Black culture in Detroit between the 1920s and 1950s.[2] Located at the southern edge of the future Brewster-Douglass Homes, the street was the home of innumerable salons and entertainment venues. With the addition of the high-rises and an influx of people moving into the housing, Hastings Street was billed as the place one could fulfill any conceivable need. Hastings Street was most famously referenced in the John Lee Hooker song "Boogie Chillen'".
Brewster-Douglass Homes
edit
The Brewster Project and Frederick Douglass Apartments were built between 1935 and 1955.[3] They were designed by Harley, Ellington & Day of Detroit. The Brewster Project began construction in 1935, when First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt broke ground for the 701-unit development. The first phase, consisting of low-rise apartment blocks, was completed in 1938. An expansion of the project completed in 1941 brought the total number of housing units to 941.[4]
The Frederick Douglass Apartments, built immediately to the south of the Brewster Project, began construction in 1942. Apartment rows, two 6-story low-rises, and six 14-story high rises were completed between 1952 and 1955. The combined Brewster-Douglass Project was five city blocks long, and three city blocks wide,[5] and housed anywhere between 8,000 and 10,000 residents at its peak capacity.
The Brewster-Douglass Project were built for the "working poor". The Detroit Housing Commission required an employed parent for each family before establishing tenancy. As the Commission became less selective, crime became a problem in the 1960s and 1970s, and the projects fell into disrepair. The Frederick Douglass Apartment towers were converted to senior housing.
In 1991, the low-rise apartment blocks north of Wilkins Street, the original Brewster Project, were demolished. By 1994 were replaced with 250 townhomes. This new public housing, administratively distinct from the Frederick Douglass Homes project, was dubbed the "Brewster Homes", and still exists today.[6]
The remaining housing on the project site continued to deteriorate. Two of the six 14-story Frederick Douglass Apartments towers, 303 and 304, were demolished in 2003, in an effort to consolidate living space and reduce maintenance costs. By 2008, only 280 families remained in the Frederick Douglass Homes complex, and the decision was made to shut down the housing entirely. The buildings south of Wilkins street were left abandoned after that date.[7]
On July 29, 2013, 23-year-old French artist Bilal Berreni was found dead from a gunshot wound on the property of Brewster-Douglass, having last been seen the day before. Found without identification, Berreni's body was not identified for 7 months. Jasin Curtis and Drequone Rich each pled guilty to second degree murder and received 25–30 year prison sentences in 2015. Dionte Travis received a 60-year prison sentence in January 2016.[8]
Demolition of the remaining buildings of the Frederick Douglass Homes began in September 2013.[9] Demolition was substantially complete by the end of August 2014.
From historic marker on the site of Brewster Homes
Between 1910 and 1940 Detroit, Michigan's African American population increased dramatically. In 1935, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt broke ground for the Brewster Homes, the nation’s first federally funded public housing development for African Americans. The homes opened in 1938 with 701 units. When completed in 1941 there were 941 units bounded by Beaubien, Hastings, Mack and Wilkins Streets. Residents were required to be employed and there were limits on what they could earn. Former residents described Brewster as 'community filled with families that displayed love, respect and concern for everyone in a beautiful, clean and secure neighborhood.' The original Brewster Homes were demolished in 1991 and replaced by 250 townhouses.
Future
editIn March 2012, Mayor of Detroit Dave Bing announced that the Detroit Housing Commission planned to request funding from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to demolish all remaining housing on the Frederick Douglass Homes site, but redevelop the abandoned Brewster-Wheeler Recreation Center. The vacant land would then be developed as affordable housing and commercial space.[10] The demolition was announced in November 2012.[11]
Constituent buildings
editThe six concrete-framed towers were designed in the Modern movement architectural style and were faced in brick. They were virtually identical in look. Each rose to the height of 15 floors.
| Building Name | Address | Year Completed | Year Demolished |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 306 | Chrysler Freeway & East Vernor Highway | 1952 | 2014 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 305 | Chrysler Freeway & East Vernor Highway | 1952 | 2014 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 302 | 2702 Saint Antoine Street | 1952 | 2014 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 301 | Chrysler Drive at Alfred Street | 1952 | 2014 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 304 | 2602 Saint Antoine Street | 1952 | 2003 |
| Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 303 | 650 Alfred Street | 1952 | 2003 |
Schools
editThe buildings were zoned to the following Detroit Public Schools facilities:
- Spain Elementary School (K–8)[12][13]
- Martin Luther King High School (9–12)[14]
In popular culture
edit- The claymation animated series The PJs was based on the housing project.
- It was seen in screenshots for the movie Dreamgirls, as well as D12's debut music video.
- Brewster-Douglass is mentioned in the first verse of singer/drag queen RuPaul's hit single "Supermodel (You Better Work)".
- Rapper Elzhi shot the album cover for his 2011 album "Elmatic" at the Brewseter-Douglass basketball court.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Brewster Homes Historical Marker". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ Smith, Suzanne E. (Spring 2001). ""Boogie Chillen": Uncovering Detroit's African-American Cultural History". Michigan Historical Review. 27 (1): 93–107 – via JSTOR.
- ^ "Bedrock's Next Detroit Makeover: Sale Agreement Opens Way for a 22-Acre Brush Park Community". www.deadlinedetroit.com. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ "Bedrock's Next Detroit Makeover: Sale Agreement Opens Way for a 22-Acre Brush Park Community". www.deadlinedetroit.com. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ "Bedrock's Next Detroit Makeover: Sale Agreement Opens Way for a 22-Acre Brush Park Community". www.deadlinedetroit.com. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ "Brewster Homes". www.dhcmi.org. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ HistoricDetroit.org, DAN AUSTIN of. "Brewster-Douglass Projects - Historic Detroit". historicdetroit.org. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ "French Street Artist's 19-Year-Old Killer Sentenced to 60 Years". Artnet News. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "Crews begin razing massive Detroit housing project." Associated Press at Crain's Detroit Business. September 4, 2013. Retrieved on September 5, 2014.
- ^ Neavling, Steve (11 March 2012). "Storied Brewster-Douglass housing projects in Detroit may soon be demolished". The Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ "Detroit mayor says Brewster-Douglass housing project will be demolished". Click on Detroit. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012. (Archive)
- ^ "Elementary School Boundary Map[permanent dead link]." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.
- ^ "Middle School Boundary Map[permanent dead link]." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.
- ^ "High School Boundary Map[permanent dead link]." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.