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Brynmawr (Welsh for 'big hill'; /brɪnˈmaʊər/; brin-MOUR; Welsh: [brɨnˈmaur])[a] is a market town, community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent, Wales. The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at 1,250 to 1,500 feet (380 to 460 m) above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys. It grew with the development of the coal mining and iron industries in the early 19th century. Until the reorganisation of local authorities in 1974, Brynmawr was administered as part of the county of Brecknockshire.
| Brynmawr | |
|---|---|
 Market Square and Market Hall Cinema | |
  Brynmawr Location within Blaenau Gwent | |
| Population | 5,530 (2011)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SO185115 |
| Principal area | |
| Preserved county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | EBBW VALE |
| Postcode district | NP23 |
| Dialling code | 01495 |
| Police | Gwent |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
| Website | brynmawrtc.co.uk |
Welsh language
editAccording to the 2011 Census, 6.0% of the ward's 5,530 (332 residents) resident-population can speak, read, and write Welsh.[3] This is above the county's figure of 5.5% of 67,348 (3,705 residents) who can speak, read, and write Welsh.[4] The town had the only Welsh-medium primary school, Ysgol Gymraeg Brynmawr, in Blaenau Gwent with 310 pupils ranging from nursery to year 6 until 2010, when the school re-located to a brand new, purpose-built building in Blaina.
History
editPrior to the Industrial Revolution and the founding of Brynmawr, a settlement called Gwaun Helygen (meaning 'marsh of the willows') sat on a small area of moorland on the border between the counties of Monmouthshire and Brecknockshire. The village consisted of only a few scattered farm houses, a slew of small tram roads that led to the surrounding coal deposits, a staging inn, and a turnpike road from Abergavenny to Merthyr Tydfil which crossed through the bleak upland plateau.
With the development of Nantyglo ironworks under Crawshay Bailey in the early 19th century, suitable housing was needed for the workers, and thus the area of upland home to Gwaun Helygen was chosen as an ideal area for a settlement. Houses began to spring up around the tram roads and the turnpike road, and the town began to rapidly grow. Although the settlement was not home to any heavy industry, and was for the most part a dormitory town, several above-ground ore deposits outside of town were worked on, and a few underground levels were eventually dug beneath Brynmawr. However, by as early as the 1870s, many of the resources that were once considered abundant had been exhausted, and the local industry began to decline. As the town's residents practically solely relied on the surrounding industries, many of them left the town in search of employment, and Brynmawr witnessed a sharp drop in population.
The town's market hall, now the Market Hall Cinema was built in 1894, and replaced the older town hall built in 1844.
By the time of the Great Depression, most of the town's insured population were unemployed, which attracted the attention of a group of Quakers, whose worked in the town to relieve unemployment culminated in the Brynmawr Experiment.
In 1952, Jim Forrester of Enfield Cables Ltd opened a factory in the town, which was eventually acquired by the Dunlop Rubber Company. Operating under the brand name of Dunlop Semtex Ltd, the factory produced flooring for the health and education sectors up until its closure in 1981. It was demolished in 2001, and now only the boiler house remains, albeit in a derelict state.
Governance
edit
There are two tiers of local government covering Brynmawr, at community (town) and county borough level: Brynmawr Town Council and Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council. The town council has its offices at the Community Centre on Orchard Street and holds its meetings at Brynmawr Institute on Market Square.[5]
Administrative history
editThe area that is now Brynmawr historically straddled three parishes and two counties: the parishes of Llanelly and Llangattock in Brecknockshire, and the parish of Aberystruth in Monmouthshire. A boundary stone at the corner of Boundary Street and Bailey Street marks the point where the three parishes met.[6] A Byrnmawr local board district was established in 1851 covering parts of the two Brecknockshire parishes of Llanelly and Llangattock.[7][8] The district was enlarged in 1885 to also cover part of the parish of Aberystruth in Monmouthshire.[9]
Elected county councils were established in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, which also directed that local board districts that straddled county boundaries, as Byrnmawr did, should be placed entirely in the county which had the majority of the district's population. The Monmouthshire parts of the Brynmawr local board district were therefore transferred to Brecknockshire in 1889, such that the whole district was then in Brecknockshire. Local board districts were converted into urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894.[10] A civil parish of Brynmawr covering the same area as the urban district was created in 1900.[11] Brynmawr Urban District Council bought Trafalgar House on Alma Street in 1913 to serve as its offices and meeting place, and remained based there until the council's abolition.[12][13]
Brynmawr Urban District was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. Its area instead became a community called Brynmawr within the new borough of Blaenau Gwent and county of Gwent. The former urban district council's functions therefore passed to Blaenau Gwent Borough Council, which in 1996 was reconstituted a county borough, taking over the functions of the abolished Gwent County Council.[14][15]
Population
editBrynmawr had an estimated population of 5,568 in 2020.[16] In 2011, 10% of the population were unemployed.
Commerce and local economy
edit
The town centre's primary shopping areas are contained within Beaufort Street and on Market Square which is also the focal point of the town where many events are hosted. The former Market Hall is now a cinema and theatre presenting films and productions from the local amateur operatic society. The business community offers many traditional, family-orientated and independently run shops, such as Tutta Bella, Durbans Shoe repairs, Perfectday Bridal, Pebbles and Welch Designs and many more. The Tabor Centre, situated in Davies Street, is a multi-purpose community venue with rooms available for hire. Brynmawr is also home to many artisan food producers, such as the award-winning Miss Daisy's Kitchen, specialist vegan and gluten-free food producers Daddies Little Pickle, and the Little Dragon Pizza Van, who organise the annual Brynmawr Street Food Festival.
Places of interest
editParc Nant y Waun is a nature reserve incorporating 22 hectares (54 acres) of grassland, mires and reservoirs which was officially opened in 2007.[17] Home to many wildlife species, it includes a picnic area, an outdoor classroom, and an angling club.[18]
Sport and leisure
edit
Brynmawr RFC is the local rugby union club which is affiliated to the Dragons RFC in Newport. Brynmawr has a 350-seat cinema (The Market Hall Cinema) which is the longest continually running cinema in Wales. The Market Hall opened in 1893 and has recently been renovated. From November 2016 and throughout early 2017, the Market Hall Cinema had been closed after Blaenau Gwent Council conducted a series of asbestos tests in the building. The Market Hall was successfully reopened by Hollywood star Michael Sheen on 12 July 2017.[citation needed]
Notable people include professional wrestlers Adrian Street and Flash Morgan Webster, singer-songwriters Huw and Tony Williams and indie pop singer-songwriter Marina Diamandis, known professionally as MARINA.,[19][20] T. Rowley Jones was President of Welsh Rugby Union, 1977/78.[21]
Wales and Great Britain Rugby League international Roy Francis, who scored 229 tries in 356 top-flight matches and went on to win three National League titles and the 1968 Challenge Cup as a coach of Hull FC and Leeds, was born in the town and played for Brynmawr RFC.[22] A memorial to Francis was inaugurated in the town in October 2023.[23]
See also
edit- Brynmawr Rubber Factory – factory in Monmouthshire
- Brynmawr Furniture – Welsh furniture company (active 1930–1940)
- Brynmawr Experiment – social relief project against unemployment in Brynmawr between 1928 and 1940
- Brynmawr Foundation School – school in Blaenau Gwent, UK
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Ward/Community population 2011". Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ According to the recommendations in Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd ("A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-Names") by Elwyn Davies, University of Wales Press, 1967.
- ^ Welsh language skills by electoral division, 2011 Census Retrieved 13/12/21
- ^ Welsh language skills by electoral division, 2011 Census Retrieved 13/12/21
- ^ "Contact us". Brynmawr Town Council. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Lloyd Davies, Eifion (August 2021). "'King Crispin' and the Brynmawr Chartists". Chartism.
- ^ Johnson, Cuthbert W. (1852). The Acts for Promoting the Public Health, 1848 to 1851. London: Charles Knight. p. 226. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Brynmawr". The Silurian. Brecon. 14 June 1851. p. 3. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 3) Act 1885". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Brynmawr Urban District Council Records". Jisc Archives Hub. Gwent Archives. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Bryn Mawr Urban District". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Porstmouth. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Brynmawr". South Wales Gazette. Abertillery. 17 October 1913. p. 5. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Plan SO 1911NW, National Grid Plans 1:1250, 1972". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "Local Government Act 1972", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1972 c. 70, retrieved 6 October 2022
- ^ "Local Government (Wales) Act 1994", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1994 c. 19, retrieved 9 October 2022
- ^ "Brynmawr (Community, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ Opening of Parc Nant y Waun Archived 12 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Angling Club[permanent dead link]
- ^ Wright, Jade (21 September 2012). "Marina and the Diamonds on why Liverpool is the perfect place to play a gig". Liverpool Echo. Trinity Mirror. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ^ Marina and the Diamonds - Interview (Nation Radio 06/05/2012) (Audio), retrieved 1 December 2023
- ^ "Wales: Past presidents of the Welsh Rugby Union". Rugby Football History. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "So who was Roy Francis? | A Squidge Rugby Deep Dive". YouTube.
- ^ "Events". Brynmawr and District Museum. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
External links
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