Bouteloua

Grama grass
	Bouteloua curtipendula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Chloridoideae
Tribe:	Cynodonteae
Subtribe:	Boutelouinae; Stapf
Genus:	Bouteloua; Lag. 1805 not Hornem. ex P. Beauv. 1812
Type species
	Bouteloua racemosa; Lag.
Synonyms
	List of synonyms Actinochloa Roem. & Schult. ; Antichloa Steud., name not validly published ; Aristidium (Endl.) Lindl. ; Atheropogon Muhl. ex Willd. ; Botelua Lag., alternate spelling ; Buchloe Engelm. ; Buchlomimus Reeder, C.Reeder & Rzed. ; Bulbilis Raf. ex Kuntze ; Calanthera Hook., illegitimate homonym ; Casiostega Galeotti, name not validly published ; Corethrum Vahl ; Cyclostachya Reeder & C.Reeder ; Erucaria Cerv. ; Eutriana Trin. ; Fourniera Scribn. ; Griffithsochloa G.J.Pierce ; Heterosteca Desv. ; Lasiostega Benth., illegitimate homonym ; Nestlera Steud., illegitimate homonym ; Opizia J.Presl ; Pentarrhaphis Kunth ; Pleiodon Rchb. ; Polyodon Kunth ; Polyschistis C.Presl ; Pringleochloa Scribn. ; Soderstromia C.V.Morton ; Strombodurus Steud., name not validly published ; Triaena Kunth ; Triathera Desv. ; Triplathera (Endl.) Lindl. ;

Bouteloua is a genus of plants in the grass family.^[4]^[5] Members of the genus are commonly known as grama grass.^[6]

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus was named for Claudio and Esteban Boutelou, 19th-century Spanish botanists.^[7]^[8] David Griffiths produced a 1912 monograph on the genus.^[9]

Description

The top of a hairy grama (Bouteloua hirsuta) flower spike, showing the flattened rachis

Bouteloua includes both annual and perennial grasses, which frequently form stolons.^[9] Species have an inflorescence of 1 to 80 racemes or spikes positioned alternately on the culm (stem). The rachis (stem) of the spike is flattened. The spikelets are positioned along one side of the spike. Each spikelet contains one fertile floret, and usually one sterile floret.^[10]

Distribution

Bouteloua is found only in the Americas, with most diversity centered in the southwestern United States.^[9] It also occurs in the Ciénaga de Zapata Biosphere Reserve of Cuba.^[11]

Uses

Many species are important livestock forage, especially blue grama.^[9]

Species

Species of Bouteloua include:^[3]^[6]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Bouteloua alamosana Vasey – Mesoamerica
Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. – American grama – southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America
Bouteloua annua Swallen – Baja California Sur, Sonora
Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. – needle grama – United States (California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico, South America, Aruba
Bouteloua barbata Lag. – six-weeks grama – United States, Mexico
Bouteloua bracteata (McVaugh) Columbus – Michoacán
Bouteloua breviseta Vasey – United States, Mexico
Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S.Watson – sprucetop grama – United States (AZ TX); Mesoamerica
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. – sideoats grama – widespread in USA, Canada, Mexico
Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus – buffalograss – USA, Canada, Mexico
Bouteloua dimorpha Columbus – Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad
Bouteloua distans Swallen – Mexico
Bouteloua disticha (Kunth) Benth. – from southern Mexico to Ecuador; also Cuba, Galápagos
Bouteloua eludens Griffiths – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. – United States, Mexico
Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – blue grama – Great Plains in USA, Canada, Mexico
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. – USA (Great Plains, Southwest), Mexico, Guatemala
Bouteloua johnstonii Swallen – Coahuila
Bouteloua juncea (Desv. ex Beauv.) A.S.Hitchc. – lamilla – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico
Bouteloua media (E.Fourn.) Gould & Kapadia – from central Mexico to Uruguay
Bouteloua megapotamica (Spreng.) Kuntze – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia
Bouteloua mexicana (Scribn.) Columbus – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
Bouteloua multifida (Griffiths) Columbus – from Sonora to Oaxaca
Bouteloua nervata Swallen – Hidalgo, México State
Bouteloua parryi (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – Parry's Grama, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Northern Mexico
Bouteloua pectinata (Bouteloua hirsuta var. pectinata) – tall grama, eyebrow grass – Texas
Bouteloua pedicellata Swallen – Puebla, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, Nuevo León, Veracruz
Bouteloua polymorpha (E.Fourn.) Columbus – from Durango to Oaxaca
Bouteloua purpurea Gould & Kapadia – Guanajuato, D.F., San Luis Potosí, México State, Hidalgo, Querétaro
Bouteloua radicosa (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – purple grama – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Coahuila, Morelos, Puebla, Durango, Zacatecas, Distrito Federal de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas)
Bouteloua reederorum Columbus – Durango, Puebla, Zacatecas, Oaxaca
Bouteloua reflexa Swallen – Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Nayarit
Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr. – slender grama – Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies
Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. – Texas grama – New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango)
Bouteloua simplex Lag. Much of southwestern and central United States, Central America, western South America
Bouteloua scabra (Kunth) Columbus – from Hidalgo to Honduras
Bouteloua stolonifera Scribn. – San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas
Bouteloua swallenii Columbus – from El Salvador to Venezuela
Bouteloua triaena (Trin. ex Spreng.) Scribn. – from Sinaloa to Guatemala
Bouteloua trifida Thunb. – Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico
Bouteloua uniflora Vasey – Nealley grama, oneflower grama – Utah, Texas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
Bouteloua vaneedenii Pilg. – Cuba, Leeward Islands, Venezuela
Bouteloua warnockii Gould & Kapadia – Warnock's grama – New Mexico, Texas, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
Bouteloua williamsii Swallen – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras

Bouteloua barbata (six-weeks grama)
Bouteloua curtipendula (sideoats grama)
Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama)
Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)
Bouteloua megapotamica
Bouteloua trifida (red grama)

Formerly included

Some grass species, formerly classified under Bouteloua, have been reclassified under other genera including:^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b "Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2018-07-13.
^ "Bouteloua". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Bouteloua". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^ Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134
^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
^ ^a ^b "Bouteloua". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
^ Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33
^ Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gould, Frank W. (1951). Grasses of Southwestern United States. Tucson: University of Arizona. pp. 139–140. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M. "Bouteloua". Flora of China. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, on whc.unesco.org.
^ "Species Records of Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
^ "Bouteloua". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
^ Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140

External links

Data related to Bouteloua at Wikispecies
Interactive Key to Bouteloua of North America

[GRIN-1] "Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2018-07-13.

[2] "Bouteloua". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.

[x-3] "Bouteloua". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[4] Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134

[5] Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.

[ITIS-6] "Bouteloua". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-04.

[7] Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33

[8] Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416

[:Gould51-9] Gould, Frank W. (1951). Grasses of Southwestern United States. Tucson: University of Arizona. pp. 139–140. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[10] Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M. "Bouteloua". Flora of China. Vol. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[11] Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, on whc.unesco.org.

[GRINspecies-12] "Species Records of Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2011-03-04.

[13] "Bouteloua". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.

[14] Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140

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