Călinescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Armand Călinescu (1893–1939), Romanian economist, politician and assassinated Prime Minister
- Cristian Călinescu (born 1988), Romanian-British songwriter, musician and producer. Co-founder of Romantic Avenue
- Florin Călinescu (born 1956), Romanian politician, actor, theatre director, and television host
- George Călinescu (1899–1965), Romanian literary critic, writer and journalist
- Matei Călinescu (1934–2009), Romanian literary critic
- Max Călinescu (born 2003), Canadian voice actor
- Paul Călinescu (1902–2000), Romanian film director
- Puiu Călinescu (1920-1997), (born Alexandru Călinescu) Romanian comedy actor