CACTIN

Cactin also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACTIN gene.

CACTIN
Identifiers
Aliases	CACTIN, C19orf29, NY-REN-24, fSAPc, cactin, spliceosome C complex subunit
External IDs	OMIM: 618536; MGI: 1917562; HomoloGene: 69553; GeneCards: CACTIN; OMA:CACTIN - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human) Band 19p13.3 Start 3,610,645 bp End 3,626,815 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) Band 10|10 C1 Start 81,156,937 bp End 81,162,076 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sural nerve granulocyte right ovary left ovary right hemisphere of cerebellum left uterine tube apex of heart body of uterus gastrocnemius muscle mucosa of transverse colon Top expressed in otic vesicle interventricular septum hand abdominal wall primitive streak epiblast gastrula primary oocyte mesenteric lymph nodes thymus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding RNA binding Cellular component catalytic step 2 spliceosome nucleoplasm spliceosomal complex extracellular exosome nucleus cytosol nuclear speck cytoplasm Biological process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation mRNA splicing, via spliceosome immune system process negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to tumor necrosis factor mRNA processing negative regulation of interferon-beta production negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway multicellular organism development negative regulation of interleukin-8 production negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway cellular response to interleukin-1 RNA splicing negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production innate immune response cellular response to lipopolysaccharide negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 58509 70312 Ensembl ENSG00000105298 ENSMUSG00000034889 UniProt Q8WUQ7 Q9CS00 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001080543 NM_021231 NM_027381 RefSeq (protein) NP_001074012 NP_067054 NP_081657 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 3.61 – 3.63 Mb Chr 10: 81.16 – 81.16 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Upon activation of Toll signaling by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria infection, Cactin in the cytosol binds to Cactus and mediates the release of Dif and Dorsal from Cactus, allowing their translocation into the nucleus and activation of AMP genes.

Cactin was originally identified in Drosophila (fruit flies). The cactin gene is product is involved in the regulation of the innate immune system. It acts as negative regulator of the toll-like receptor, Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and the canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways.

Structure

The full-length cactin protein length is 3,150 bp long and with an N-terminus from 356–547 residues and a domain in the C-terminal 731–855 residues.

Species and tissue distributhion

This protein resides in many organs and tissues of all vertebrates, however, it has also been found in plants, protist, and fungi. The location that is highest in concentration of cactin gene is in the testis of males and in the spleen. The cactin gene in this specific area like the testis, enables RNA binding activity. This protein was also found to be involved in other process like cellular response from cytokines and negative signal transduction (negative feed back loops).

In plants

In plants, the cactcin is associated with SR proteins localized in nuclear speckles. Plant and human cells share the same spliceosomal proteins, which involved the removal of introns in order to form mature messenger RNA.

Further reading

• Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, et al. (November 1999). "Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma". International Journal of Cancer. 83 (4): 456–464. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<456::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 10508479.
• Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, Grigorieff N, Moore MJ (April 2002). "Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis". RNA. 8 (4): 426–439. doi:10.1017/S1355838202021088. PMC 1370266. PMID 11991638.
• Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE, Counsell D, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM (January 2004). "Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region". Genomics. 83 (1): 153–167. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0. PMID 14667819.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, et al. (June 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 707–716. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197. S2CID 27764390.
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, et al. (August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12130–12135. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMC 514446. PMID 15302935.