Wikipedia

China Global Television Network

(Redirected from CGTV)
"CGTN" redirects here. For the television news channel in English, part of China Global Television Network, see CGTN (TV channel).

China Global Television Network (CGTN) is one of three branches of state-run China Media Group and the international division of China Central Television (CCTV). Headquartered in Beijing, CGTN broadcasts news in multiple languages. CGTN is under the control of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2][3]

China Global Television Network
TypeState media
BrandingCGTN
Country
China
AvailabilityGlobal
HeadquartersCCTV Headquarters, Beijing
OwnerCentral Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party
ParentChina Media Group
Established2016; 8 years ago (2016)
Launch date
31 December 2016, 04:00 London Time/12:00 Beijing Time
Affiliation(s)Chinese Central Television
China Radio International
Official website
www.cgtn.com Edit this at Wikidata
China Global Television Network
Simplified Chinese中国国际电视台
Traditional Chinese中國國際電視台
Literal meaningChina International Television Station
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Guójì Diànshìtái
Wade–GilesChung-kuo Kuo-chi Tien-shih-t'ai
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国环球电视网
Traditional Chinese中國環球電視網
Literal meaningChina Global Television Network
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Huánqiú Diànshì Wǎng
Wade–GilesChung-kuo Huan-ch'iu Tien-shih Wang

Several media regulators and journalist advocacy groups have accused CGTN of broadcasting propaganda and disinformation on behalf of the Chinese government, and airing forced confessions.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

History

edit

CGTN grew out of CCTV's all-English channel, known as CCTV-9 or CCTV International, launched in 2000 and renamed CCTV News in 2010.[10] Channels in other languages were launched during the mid and late 2000s. In December 2016, the six non-Chinese language television channels under CCTV International were rebranded to bear the CGTN name.[5] In 2018, CGTN was brought under the umbrella of the China Media Group.[11] By 2022, CGTN had built a network of social media influencers, according to the Associated Press.[12]

Observers have noted that the "aim [of CGTN] is to influence public opinion overseas in order to nudge foreign governments into making policies favourable towards China’s Communist party" through subtle means.[5] Australian researchers Thomas Fearon and Usha M. Rodrigues argued that CGTN has a "dichotomous role as a credible media competing for audience attention on the world stage, and a vital government propaganda organ domestically."[13]

According to James Palmer at Foreign Policy, the contrasting aims of RT (formerly Russia Today) and CGTN, "mirrors wider strategies: Moscow wants chaos it can exploit, while Beijing wants a stable world order—on its terms".[14] While "RT doesn't mind whether it goes to the far-left or the far-right," Chinese state media is permitted to "act from a very narrow, officially approved scope, and the risk of the political extremes is too much," according to journalist Hilton Yip.[15] On the contrary to CGTN's investments in studios and numerous overseas bureaus, "the actual content is a mix of brutally tedious propaganda and bland documentaries. The audience is always the bosses in Beijing, not the average viewer overseas".[15] Yip also noted the growing disillusionment of journalists in China who "are allowed to do little more than parrot the official line", citing a viral video of a journalist rolling her eyes at another reporter's softball question during a ministerial press conference, which "seemed to speak for many in the country who are tired of the charade that local media has become".[15]

Despite a decade of overseas expansion, the redoubling of efforts by CGTN, and to an extension other state media, to push the party's theories and principles abroad is at odds with boosting China's overseas image.[16] CGTN, along with other Chinese state media outlets, is still widely regarded as "editorially biased and full of propaganda, and they still struggle to attract large audiences", particularly in the age of widespread internet use with social media and nontraditional forms of media where the public has become "more averse to clumsy state-run propaganda than ever".[15]

In his 2022 book Beijing's Global Media Offensive: China's Uneven Campaign to Influence Asia and the World, journalist Joshua Kurlantzick wrote that CGTN "tried to build itself a presence that could rival other global broadcasters like Al Jazeera, RT, the Turkish global broadcaster TRT World, and, the Chinese government hopes, giants like CNN and the BBC."[17] In December 2022, he said that the government "wanted CGTN to be regarded as a credible source of information, like Al Jazeera", but described the idea as "something of a fantasy". He added: "Qatar is a small state, and it has significant foreign policy on a few certain issues. But outside of those issues, Qatar has basically left its Al Jazeera reporters alone. China was never going to be able to do that because virtually any issue could have an impact on China."[18]

Editions

edit

TV channels

edit
Name Language Launch date Previous names
 
CGTN 		English 20 September 1997[19]
  • CCTV-9
  • CCTV-NEWS
 
CGTN-Español 		Spanish 1 October 2007[19]
  • CCTV-E
  • CCTV-Español
 
CGTN-Français 		French 1 October 2007[19]
  • CCTV-F
  • CCTV-Français
 
CGTN-العربية 		Arabic 25 July 2009 CCTV-العربية
 
CGTN-Русский 		Russian 10 September 2009 CCTV-Русский
 
CGTN Documentary 		English 1 January 2011 CCTV-9 Documentary

Online platforms

edit
Name Language Launch date Replaced Format Source
CGTN Turk Turkish 2023 CRI Turk operates a website and various social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, X) [20]
CGTN Malay Malay CRI Malay operates on Facebook only [21]
CGTN Hausa Hausa CRI Hausa operates on Facebook only [22]
CGTN Tajikistan Tajik None operates on Facebook and X only, videos translated from CGTN Russian [23]
CGTN Uzbekistan Uzbek operates on Facebook and X only, videos translated from CGTN Russian [24]
CGTN Қазақша Kazakh operates on Facebook and X only, videos translated from CGTN Russian [25]
CGTN Кыргызча Kyrgyz operates on Facebook and X only, videos translated from CGTN Russian [26]

Reception

edit

Bias, censorship, and disinformation

edit
Further information: CGTN (TV channel) § Reception, and Censorship in China

Critics have accused CGTN of broadcasting misinformation and making false allegations against opponents of the Chinese government.[3] The network has been investigated and censured by Britain's Ofcom for biased coverage of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests and the airing of forced confessions.[6][27][28][29][30] CGTN has been characterized as a vehicle for government propaganda and disinformation campaigns by Reporters Without Borders, BBC, and other sources.[3][5][31][32][33][34]

Despite its revamp launching of CCTV America, critics have voiced concerns over the level of censorship exercised by the channel, especially on sensitive domestic issues in China.[15] Philip Cunningham of Cornell University, who has appeared more than 100 times on CCTV talk shows, noted that sensitive issues such as Tibet and Xinjiang were heavily edited on various programs.[35] Ma Jing, Director of CCTV America, defended the channel against such allegations by saying that the channel edits stories the same way other news organizations do. She said: "We uphold the traditional journalistic values. We consider accuracy, objectivity, truthfulness, and public accountability very important, more important than anything else."[35]

In December 2018, the U.S. Department of Justice determined that CGTN must register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) as an agent for the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party.[36] In the subsequent FARA filing with the U.S. Department of Justice dated February 2, 2019, Ms. Ma Jing wrote that CGTN maintained editorial independence free from the state's influence and functioned similarly to other news media.[37][38] A month later, in early March 2019, she was summoned to return to China.[38]

On 18 September 2019, Nick Pollard, a British TV executive, resigned from his post as consultant and advisor to CGTN, giving his reason for leaving as being CGTN's failure to comply with Ofcom's rules on impartiality in connection to its coverage of the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests.[39] He had joined CGTN in December 2018.[40] Ofcom had several inquiries into CGTN going on in September 2019.[41] In March 2021, CGTN was fined £225,000 by Ofcom for bias in its coverage of the 2019 pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong, which was found to have repeatedly breached fairness and impartiality requirements.[42][43]

A September 2019 article in The Diplomat stated that CGTN "has a consistent record of blatantly and egregiously violating journalistic standards and encouraging or justifying hatred and violence against innocent people."[44]

In July 2021, BBC News reported that CGTN initiated a drive to use foreign vloggers, such as Raz Gal-Or and Lee and Oli Barrett, as stringers to denounce negative coverage of Xinjiang.[45][46] The use of these individuals prevents YouTube from labelling their content as state-sponsored content, although their videos are promoted by state media accounts. Australian cybersecurity researcher Robert Potter from Internet 2.0 said there was evidence that these vloggers were heavily promoted using a mix of 50 Cent Army, click farms, fake bot accounts, and fake news websites, all to "spoof YouTube into treating it like a legitimate view."[45] Global Voices reported in October 2021 that CGTN had also hired Arabic-speaking social media influencers to frame Chinese government policies toward the Uyghurs as part of an anti-terrorist measure.[47]

In February 2021, a Press Gazette investigation found that CGTN purchased ads on Facebook that denied any mistreatment of Uyghurs and promoted Xinjiang internment camps as "vocational training centres."[48]

In a 2022 research paper comparing RT and CGTN's coverage of the 2020 United States presidential election, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of King's College London described CGTN as using a "surface neutrality" propaganda model, noting that it "avoid[ed] expressing partisanship or framing US politics in an unduly biased or subjective way" in its coverage of the election, but it "dropp[ed] its objective tone in favour of being enthusiastically pro-China, without exception" in its coverage of geopolitical issues affecting China, and that CGTN did not publish content that was critical of or embarrassing to the Chinese government. They added: "Unlike RT, it frequently frames issues (such as the revelations about Trump's taxes) through the prism of the Chinese interest—even if the issues have no direct bearing on China. These characteristics contravene journalistic norms of independence from government and impartiality".[4] Moore and Colley noted in another paper that during the election, "[CGTN] presented the US as poorly governed, plutocratic, racist and a destabilising international influence, and China as well governed, benign, stable, and as a rising superpower."[49]

Broadcasting of forced confessions

edit
See also: Forced confession

CCTV broadcast two forced confessions of the British journalist Peter Humphrey. The first was staged in August 2013, and was filmed by a CCTV crew with Humphrey locked in an iron chair inside a steel cage, wearing handcuffs and an orange prison vest. This was before he had been indicted, tried or convicted of a crime. The second, in July 2014, was once again filmed by CCTV, not in a cage this time, but still in a prison vest and handcuffs, before he had been tried or convicted on the charge of illegal information gathering.[50] Both were aired in the UK by CGTN.[51]

On 23 November 2018, Humphrey filed a complaint to Ofcom against CCTV, citing violations of the United Kingdom Broadcasting Code's Fairness and Privacy provisions. Humphrey said that both confessions were scripted and directed by the Chinese police, the public security bureau, while he was a prisoner, in conditions of duress amounting to torture.[51][52] On 6 July 2020, Ofcom ruled that CGTN was guilty of breaching UK broadcasting standards in both incidents. The ruling stated that CGTN had breached Humphrey's privacy and that in the channel's reporting, "material facts were presented, disregarded or omitted in a way that was unfair to Mr Humphrey".[6]

In November 2019, CGTN aired a video of a UK consular employee, Simon Cheng, in captivity "confessing" to consorting with prostitutes. Within a week, Cheng had filed a complaint with Ofcom.[53]

On 8 March 2021, CGTN was fined a total of £225,000 by Ofcom for serious breaches of fairness, privacy and impartiality rules. "We found the individuals (Simon Cheng and Gui Minhai) concerned were unfairly treated and had their privacy unwarrantably infringed," Ofcom said, adding that the broadcaster had "failed to obtain their informed consent to be interviewed." It concluded that "material facts which cast serious doubt on the reliability of their alleged confessions" had been left out of the programmes, which aired pre-trial "confessions" of the two men while they were being detained. Ofcom said it was considering further sanctions.[9][54]

Detained Australian journalist

edit
Further information: Cheng Lei (journalist) § Detention

In August 2020, Australian CGTN television anchor Cheng Lei was detained by Chinese authorities on national security grounds but no details of accusations were provided.[55][56] On October 11, 2023, Australia government announced Cheng returned to Australia.[57][58] China's Ministry of State Security said that Cheng provided state secrets she gathered from her work to a foreign organization through her mobile phone.[57]

COVID-19 misinformation

edit
Further information: COVID-19 misinformation by China

In April 2020, the non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders criticized CGTN for engaging in disinformation regarding COVID-19.[7] The United States Department of State described CGTN's output on COVID-19 as part of a wider government-led disinformation campaign.[59] In April 2021, the European External Action Service published a report that cited Chinese state media outlets, including CGTN, as spreading disinformation to present Western vaccines as unsafe.[60][61]

French journalist controversy

edit

In March 2021, an investigation by Le Monde claimed that a supposed French journalist for CGTN named "Laurène Beaumond" was a fabricated identity.[62] Le Figaro disputed this, saying "Beaumond" was a real French journalist from Sarthe, but had been publishing for CGTN under a pseudonym. Le Figaro said they had interviewed "Beaumond", under the condition that her true identity be kept secret.[63]

Israel coverage

edit
Further information: Antisemitism in China

In May 2021, Israel's embassy in Beijing accused CGTN of "blatant antisemitism" when it said that "powerful lobbies" of Jews and the "influence of wealthy Jews" in the United States were responsible for America's pro-Israel position during the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis.[64][65][66]

A week after the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, CGTN journalist Stephanie Freid visited Sderot and reported that during a shootout at the local police station, "Hamas fighters and their police captives were apparently killed when Israeli forces opened fire on the station with a tank."[67] CGTN's report was cited by Republika,[67] Tribunnews.com,[68] and DeWereldMorgen to support the controversial claim that Israeli forces killed their own soldiers and civilians during the attack.[69]

Peng Shuai disappearance

edit
Further information: Disappearance of Peng Shuai

In December 2021, Chinese professional tennis player Peng Shuai disappeared after publicizing sexual assault allegations against former Chinese vice premier Zhang Gaoli. CGTN's official account on Twitter subsequently posted an "email" professed to be from her claiming she was okay, but attracted questions over its authenticity as a cursor was visible in the screenshot of the third line.[70] The Women's Tennis Association did not believe the email was genuine.[71]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

edit
Further information: Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory

In March 2022, CGTN paid for digital ads on Facebook targeting global users with briefings and newscasts featuring pro-Kremlin talking points about the Russian invasion of Ukraine after Meta Platforms banned Russian state media advertisement buys.[72][73] CGTN has promoted unsubstantiated Russian claims of biological weapons labs in Ukraine.[74][75][76][77]

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

edit

In 2023, CGTN ran paid ads on social media platforms in multiple countries and languages denouncing the discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, which critics labeled part of a concerted disinformation campaign.[78][79][80]

Responses

edit

U.S. designation as foreign mission

edit

In 2018, the United States Department of Justice directed CGTN America, the U.S. division of CGTN, to register as a foreign agent under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).[16] CGTN America said in its FARA filings on 1 February 2019 that it disagreed with the Justice Department's decision, but registered nonetheless.[81] In 2020, the United States Department of State designated CGTN and its parent company, CCTV, as foreign missions.[82][83]

Revocation of UK broadcasting license

edit

On 4 February 2021, Star China Media (the UK broadcast license holder for CGTN) had its broadcast license revoked by UK broadcasting regulator Ofcom.[84] Ofcom found that Star had no editorial oversight over the channel it was broadcasting, and was instead acting as a third-party distributor for CGTN's feed.[84] Ofcom also denied an application to transfer the broadcast license to the China Global Television Network Corporation (CGTNC), on the grounds that CGTNC was "controlled by a body which is ultimately controlled by the Chinese Communist Party".[84] UK law prohibits license holders from being controlled by political bodies.[85] In a statement, Ofcom said:

We have given CGTN significant time to come into compliance with the statutory rules. Those efforts have now been exhausted. Following careful consideration, taking account of all the facts and the broadcaster’s and audience's rights to freedom of expression, we have decided it is appropriate to revoke the licence for CGTN to broadcast in the UK. We expect to conclude separate sanctions proceedings against CGTN for due impartiality and fairness and privacy breaches shortly.[86]

In what CNN Business characterised as "an apparent tit-for-tat move", the Chinese government banned the BBC World News TV channel from airing in China on 11 February. Given that BBC World News could only be received in so-called foreign compounds (such as internationally owned hotels) in mainland China in the first place, it was unclear what impact, if any, this ban would have.[87] Following the license revocation, CGTN no longer had permission to broadcast in Germany, due to its German license being approved by Ofcom,[88] but it resumed broadcasting via Vodafone Germany in March 2021.[89]

CGTN later sought and received agreement from French regulatory authorities to broadcast in France, which would allow them to broadcast in member states of the Council of Europe, including the United Kingdom.[90]

In August 2021, Ofcom levied additional fines on CGTN's UK license holder, Star China Media, for breaches of rules around fairness and privacy.[91] The channel announced later in the month that the channel has returned to the UK by launching on Freeview. Ofcom later claimed the channel uses the Vision TV Network, an internet-based datacasting service.[92]

Suspension from SBS

edit

In March 2021, the Australian television network SBS suspended the English and Mandarin broadcasts of CGTN and CCTV respectively, which were broadcast on SBS as part of its World Watch program, over human rights complaints concerning the airings of "forced confessions."[8][93] CGTN responded that CCTV has signed a cooperation agreement with SBS to broadcast some of CCTV's Chinese programs for free in 2006, but CGTN did not authorize SBS to broadcast its English programs.[94]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Behind the scenes at China TV: soft power and state propaganda". Financial Times. 19 June 2021. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  2. ^ "China is spending billions on its foreign-language media". The Economist. 14 June 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Cook, Sarah (25 September 2019). "China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  4. ^ a b Moore, Martin; Colley, Thomas (13 June 2022). "Two International Propaganda Models: Comparing RT and CGTN's 2020 US Election Coverage". Journalism Practice. London, UK: 1–23. doi:10.1080/17512786.2022.2086157. ISSN 1751-2786. S2CID 249696725.
  5. ^ a b c d Lim, Louisa; Bergin, Julia (7 December 2018). "Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "'Forced confession' violated UK broadcasting rules". BBC News. 6 July 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Beware of China's coronavirus disinformation, RSF says". Reporters Without Borders. 18 April 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  8. ^ a b Needham, Kirsty (5 March 2021). "Australian broadcaster suspends China's CGTN citing human rights complaint". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  9. ^ a b Fisher, Lucy (8 March 2021). "UK watchdog fines Chinese state broadcaster over footage of 'forced confessions'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  10. ^ Hu, Zhengrong; Ji, Deqiang; Gong, Yukun (27 November 2017), Thussu, Daya Kishan; de Burgh, Hugo; Shi, Anbin (eds.), "From the outside in: CCTV going global in a new world communication order", China's Media Go Global (1 ed.), Routledge, pp. 67–78, doi:10.4324/9781315619668-5, ISBN 978-1-315-61966-8, archived from the original on 30 April 2021, retrieved 8 April 2021
  11. ^ Bandurski, David (22 March 2018). "When Reform Means Tighter Controls". China Media Project. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  12. ^ Seitz, Amanda; Tucker, Eric; Catalini, Mike (29 March 2022). "How China's TikTok, Facebook influencers push propaganda". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  13. ^ Fearon, Thomas; Rodrigues, Usha M. (31 July 2019). "The dichotomy of China Global Television Network's news coverage". Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa. 25 (1&2): 102–121. doi:10.24135/pjr.v25i1.404. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30128822. ISSN 2324-2035. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  14. ^ Palmer, James (1 October 2018). "China's Global Propaganda Is Aimed at Bosses, Not Foreigners". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d e Yip, Hilton (23 April 2018). "China's $6 Billion Propaganda Blitz Is a Snooze". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  16. ^ a b O’Keeffe, Kate; Viswanatha, Aruna (18 September 2018). "Justice Department Has Ordered Key Chinese State Media Firms to Register as Foreign Agents". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  17. ^ Kurlantzick, Joshua (19 March 2023), "The Soft Power Toolkit: Media and Information Coming Through the Front Door", Beijing's Global Media Offensive: China's Uneven Campaign to Influence Asia and the World, Oxford University Press, pp. 137–180, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197515761.003.0006, ISBN 978-0-19-751576-1, archived from the original on 18 January 2024, retrieved 29 August 2023
  18. ^ Scott, Liam (6 December 2022). "How China became a global disinformation superpower". Coda Media. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  19. ^ a b c Split from CCTV-E&F.
  20. ^ "Anasayfa - CGTN Turk (Home page)". CGTN Turk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  21. ^ "CGTN Malay". Facebook. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  22. ^ "CGTN Hausa". Facebook. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  23. ^ "CGTNTajikistan". Facebook. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  24. ^ "CGTNUzbekistan". Facebook. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  25. ^ "Cgtn Қазақша". Facebook. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  26. ^ "CGTN Кыргызча". Facebook. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  27. ^ McCarthy, Simone (24 September 2019). "Chinese broadcaster CGTN's Hong Kong protests coverage probed by UK watchdog". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  28. ^ Waterson, Jim (26 May 2020). "Chinese state TV broke Ofcom rules with biased Hong Kong coverage". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  29. ^ "State-run CGTN faces sanctions from UK media regulator over coverage of Hong Kong protests". Hong Kong Free Press. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  30. ^ Nuttall, Jeremy (10 June 2020). "China broadcast my forced confession in Canada — and CRTC does nothing: ex-prisoner". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  31. ^ Handley, Erin (17 January 2020). "Print Email Facebook Twitter More Safe and sound? China launches propaganda blitz to discredit Uyghur #StillNoInfo campaign". ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  32. ^ Varrall, Merridan (16 January 2020). "Behind the News: Inside China Global Television Network". Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  33. ^ Twigg, Krassi; Allen, Kerry (12 March 2021). "The disinformation tactics used by China". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  34. ^ "IORG Key Research Conclusions on Chinese Influence Operations Against Taiwan". Taiwan Information Environment Research Center. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  35. ^ a b "China's Programming for U.S. Audiences: Is it News or Propaganda?". PBS NewsHour. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  36. ^ "Obligation of CGTN America to Register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act". U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division. 20 December 2018. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  37. ^ "Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938" (PDF). efile.fara.gov. 2 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  38. ^ a b Mozur, Paul (8 March 2019). "Facing Legal Scrutiny, China's State TV Recalls Its U.S. Head". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  39. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (18 September 2019). "Former Ofcom director quits Chinese state broadcaster". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  40. ^ Yan, Sophia (11 July 2019). "Chinese state broadcaster hires former Ofcom director amid investigation". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  41. ^ Waterson, Jim (23 September 2019). "Ofcom investigates CGTN over coverage of Hong Kong protests". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Ofcom fines Chinese state broadcaster CGTN £225,000 for biased Hong Kong protest coverage and airing forced confession". Press Gazette. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  43. ^ "Chinese state TV broke Ofcom rules with biased Hong Kong coverage". The Guardian. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  44. ^ "China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression". The Diplomat. September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  45. ^ a b Allen, Kerry; Williams, Sophie (10 July 2021). "The foreigners in China's disinformation drive". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  46. ^ Burgess, Matt (18 August 2021). "China Aims Its Propaganda Firehose at the BBC". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  47. ^ Moghazy, Azza (1 October 2021). "Arabophone Chinese influencer divides public opinion in Egypt". Global Voices. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  48. ^ Turvill, William (18 February 2021). "Profits from propaganda: Facebook takes China cash to promote Uyghur disinformation". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  49. ^ Colley, Thomas; Moore, Martin (9 September 2022). "News as geopolitics: China, CGTN and the 2020 US presidential election". Journal of International Communication. 29: 82–103. doi:10.1080/13216597.2022.2120522. ISSN 1321-6597.
  50. ^ "China state TV 'confession': Peter Humphrey & Yu Yingzeng". YouTube. 7 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  51. ^ a b "'I was locked inside a steel cage': Peter Humphrey on his life inside a Chinese prison". Financial Times. 30 November 2019. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  52. ^ Yan, Sophia (5 July 2020). "China's state television channel severely violated British broadcasting rules". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  53. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (28 November 2019). "Hong Kong 'torture' victim files Ofcom complaint against CGTN". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  54. ^ "Chinese state broadcaster CGTN fined £225,000 by UK regulator". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  55. ^ Davidson, Helen (8 September 2020). "Cheng Lei: China says Australian news anchor was arrested on national security grounds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  56. ^ "Cheng Lei: Why has an Australian TV anchor been detained by China?". BBC News. 8 September 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  57. ^ a b Stambaugh, Alex; Whiteman, Hilary; Gan, Nectar (11 October 2023). "Australian reporter Cheng Lei released after three years detention in China over espionage charges". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  58. ^ Miller, Michael E.; Kuo, Lily (11 October 2023). "Australian journalist, detained in China for three years, arrives home". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  59. ^ Wong, Edward; Rosenberg, Matthew; Barnes, Julian E. (22 April 2020). "Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed Virus Panic in U.S., Officials Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  60. ^ "EEAS Special Report Update: Short Assessment of Narratives and Disinformation Around the COVID-19 Pandemic (Update December 2020 - April 2021)". EUvsDisinfo. European External Action Service. 28 April 2021. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  61. ^ Emmott, Robin (28 April 2021). "Russia, China sow disinformation to undermine trust in Western vaccines, EU report says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  62. ^ Guibert, Nathalie (31 March 2021). "Controverse autour d'un article de propagande de la télévision d'Etat chinoise sur les Ouïgours". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  63. ^ Falletti, Sébastien (4 February 2021). "Les confidences de la plume mystère au service de la Chine". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  64. ^ "Israel accuses Chinese state TV of 'blatant antisemitism'". Associated Press. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  65. ^ "Israel accuses China state TV of 'blatant anti-Semitism'". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  66. ^ "Israeli embassy in China blasts state TV broadcaster for 'blatant anti-Semitism'". Times of Israel. 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  67. ^ a b "Ketahuan Bohong, Israel Kurangi Jumlah Korban Tewas" [Caught Lying, Israel Reduces Death Toll]. Republika. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. "Para pejuang Hamas dan tawanan polisi mereka tampaknya tewas ketika pasukan Israel melepaskan tembakan ke stasiun tersebut dengan sebuah tank," ujar laporan CGTN.
  68. ^ Ansari Hasyim (10 November 2023). "Terungkap! Bukan Hamas, Ternyata 28 Helikopter Apache Israel Bunuh Tentaranya Sendiri Beserta Sipil". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). id:Serambi Indonesia. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023. Jurnalis Stephanie Freid dari CGTN Tiongkok mengunjungi Sderot seminggu kemudian. Dia melaporkan bahwa Sderot "adalah kota yang diambil alih oleh pejuang Hamas. Banyak orang terbunuh, dan terjadi baku tembak. Dan buktinya ada di reruntuhan kantor polisi ini. Itu diambil di sini. Hingga 20 orang di sini terbunuh, termasuk tahanan yang ditahan di stasiun tersebut."
  69. ^ "Israëlische Apache helikopters doodden eigen soldaten en burgers op 7 oktober" [Israeli Apache helicopters killed their own soldiers and civilians on October 7]. DeWereldMorgen. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  70. ^ "Peng Shuai: Doubt cast on email from Chinese tennis star". BBC News. 17 November 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  71. ^ Griffiths, James (17 November 2021). "Tennis association demands proof missing Chinese tennis star is safe after state media publishes alleged letter". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  72. ^ Gold, Ashley (9 March 2022). "China's state media buys Meta ads pushing Russia's line on war". Axios. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  73. ^ Wen Liu, Tracy (23 March 2022). "Chinese State Media Is Pushing Pro-Russian Misinformation Worldwide". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  74. ^ Rising, David (11 March 2022). "China amplifies unsupported Russian claim of Ukraine biolabs". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  75. ^ Mozur, Paul; Myers, Steven Lee; Liu, John (11 April 2022). "China's Echoes of Russia's Alternate Reality Intensify Around the World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  76. ^ Aisha, Majid (21 March 2022). "How China uses Facebook to promote disinformation about Ukraine". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  77. ^ Teoh, Flora (25 May 2023). "CGTN video rehashes baseless claim about U.S. biolabs in Ukraine". Science Feedback. Health Feedback. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  78. ^ Rich, Motoko; Liu, John (31 August 2023). "China's Disinformation Fuels Anger Over Fukushima Water Release". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  79. ^ "Fukushima: China's anger at Japan is fuelled by disinformation". BBC News. 2 September 2023. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  80. ^ Davidson, Helen (4 September 2023). "State-backed disinformation fuelling anger in China over Fukushima water". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  81. ^ "Chinese State Media Giant CGTN Registers as Foreign Agent in U.S.". The Wall Street Journal. 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  82. ^ Jakes, Lara; Myers, Steven Lee (18 February 2020). "U.S. Designates China's Official Media as Operatives of the Communist State". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  83. ^ Wong, Edward (22 June 2020). "U.S. Designates Four More Chinese News Organizations as Foreign Missions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  84. ^ a b c Mathers, Matt (4 February 2021). "Chinese state-owned TV network CGTN has UK licence revoked by Ofcom". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  85. ^ Chappell, Bill (4 February 2021). "U.K. Strips Chinese Broadcaster's License, Citing Communist Party Ties". NPR. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  86. ^ "Ofcom revokes CGTN's licence to broadcast in the UK" (Press release). Ofcom. 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  87. ^ Wang, Philip; Hallam, Jonny (14 February 2021) [11 February 2021]. "BBC News banned in China, one week after CGTN's license withdrawn in UK". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  88. ^ Berry, Alex (12 February 2021). "China's CGTN may no longer broadcast in Germany after UK row". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  89. ^ Berry, Alex (6 March 2021). "China's CGTN returns to German TV screens". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  90. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (9 April 2021). "Chinese state broadcaster regains right to broadcast in the UK". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  91. ^ Meaker, Morgan; Johnston, Chris (26 August 2021). "Ofcom fines Chinese broadcaster for 'serious breaches'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  92. ^ Woods, Ben (23 August 2021). "How China's propaganda station CGTN made a surprise return to British screens". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  93. ^ "SBS suspends Chinese-sourced news programming after receiving human rights complaint". SBS World News. 5 March 2021. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  94. ^ Lo, Tracy (7 March 2021). "CGTN says it did not authorize SBS to broadcast its English programmes (CGTN稱未授權SBS轉播其英文節目)". SBS (Cantonese). Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Global_Television_Network&oldid=1254648740"