Wikipedia

Collagen, type XI, alpha 2

(Redirected from COL11A2)

Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL11A2 gene.[5][6][7]

COL11A2
Identifiers
AliasesCOL11A2, DFNA13, DFNB53, FBCG2, HKE5, PARP, STL3, collagen type XI alpha 2, collagen type XI alpha 2 chain, OSMEDB, OSMEDA
External IDsOMIM: 120290; MGI: 88447; HomoloGene: 22547; GeneCards: COL11A2; OMA:COL11A2 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1302

12815

Ensembl

ENSMUSG00000024330

UniProt

P13942

Q64739

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001163771
NM_080679
NM_080680
NM_080681

NM_009926
NM_001317722
NM_001401301

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001157243
NP_542410
NP_542411
NP_542412

NP_001304651
NP_034056

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 33.16 – 33.19 MbChr 17: 34.26 – 34.29 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The COL11A2 gene produces one component of this type of collagen, called the pro-alpha2(XI) chain. Type XI collagen adds structure and strength to the tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs and skin (the connective tissue). Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage as well as the fluid that fills the eyeball, the inner ear, and the center portion of the discs between the vertebrae in the spine (nucleus pulposus). Type XI collagen also helps maintain the spacing and diameter of type II collagen fibrils. Type II collagen is an important component of the eye and mature cartilage tissue. The size and arrangement of type II collagen fibrils is essential for the normal structure of these tissues.

The pro-alpha2(XI) chain combines with pro-alpha1(XI) and pro-alpha1(II)collagen chains to form a procollagen molecule. These triple-stranded, ropelike procollagen molecules must be processed by enzymes in the cell. Once processed, these procollagen molecules leave the cell and arrange themselves into long, thin fibrils that cross-link to one another in the spaces around cells. The cross-linkages result in the formation of very strong mature type XI collagen fibers.

The COL11A2 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 6 at position 21.3, from base pair 33,238,446 to base pair 33,268,222.

Function

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This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen. It is located on chromosome 6 very close to but separate from the gene for retinoid X receptor beta. Type XI collagen is a heterotrimer but the third alpha chain is a post-translationally modified alpha 1 type II chain. Proteolytic processing of this type XI chain produces PARP, a proline/arginine-rich protein that is an amino terminal domain. Mutations in this gene are associated with type III Stickler syndrome, otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED syndrome), Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome, and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural 13 deafness. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.[7]

Clinical significance

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Nonsyndromic deafness

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Mutations in the COL11A2 gene have been shown to cause hearing loss without other signs or symptoms (nonsyndromic deafness autosomal dominant) in two large families. One family carries a mutation that substitutes the amino acid cysteine (a building block of proteins) for the amino acid arginine at position 549 (written as Arg549Cys) in the alpha 2 chain of type XI collagen. A second family has a mutation that substitutes the amino acid glutamic acid for the amino acid glycine at position 323 (written as Gly323Glu) in this protein. These mutations prevent the normal assembly of type XI collagen. Type XI collagen plays an important role in the structure and function of the inner ear. When mutations in the COL11A2 gene affect the structure of collagen fibrils, hearing loss can result.

Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia

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Approximately 10 mutations identified in the COL11A2 gene are responsible for otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED). Most of these mutations result in a complete lack of pro-alpha2(XI) chains, which leads to a loss of function of type XI collagen. Some mutations affect the production of the pro-alpha2(XI) chain and disrupt normal collagen assembly. Because this type of collagen is an important component of cartilage and other connective tissues, these mutations result in the characteristic signs and symptoms of OSMED.

Stickler syndrome

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Stickler syndrome (COL11A2): Stickler syndrome is a disorder that causes problems with skeletal development, vision, and hearing. Mutations in the COL11A2 gene cause a form of Stickler in which vision is not affected. COL11A2 mutations cause abnormal production of the pro-alpha2(XI) chain, part of type XI collagen. As a result, type XI collagen is impaired and cannot function properly, causing the skeletal and hearing problems characteristic of Stickler syndrome. The pro-alpha2(XI) chain, however, is not made in the eyes. Instead, another type of collagen chain replaces pro-alpha2(XI) to form type XI collagen in the vitreous of the eye. COL11A2 mutations, therefore, do not affect vision.

Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome

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At least one identified mutation in the COL11A2 gene is responsible for Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome. This mutation causes the amino acid glycine to be replaced with the amino acid glutamic acid at position 955 in the alpha 2 chain of type XI collagen (written as Gly955Glu). This mutation prevents collagen molecules from being assembled properly, which disrupts the structure of type XI collagen. These changes result in the characteristic signs and symptoms of Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome.

Vasculitis

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A link has been shown between ANCA-associated vasculitis and SNPs in the COL11A2 gene in a Genomewide Association Study. It is proposed that this association may be due to linkage disequilibrium between a SNP in the HLA-DP locus and SNPs in COL11A2. This is theorised as the SNP in the HLA molecule was found to be very strongly associated with these diseases with evidence for a single genetic association.

References

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  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000232541, ENSG00000227801, ENSG00000230930, ENSG00000206290, ENSG00000235708, ENSG00000223699 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000204248, ENSG00000232541, ENSG00000227801, ENSG00000230930, ENSG00000206290, ENSG00000235708, ENSG00000223699 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024330 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Vuristo MM, Pihlajamaa T, Vandenberg P, Prockop DJ, Ala-Kokko L (September 1995). "The human COL11A2 gene structure indicates that the gene has not evolved with the genes for the major fibrillar collagens". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (39): 22873–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.39.22873. PMID 7559422.
  6. ^ McGuirt WT, Prasad SD, Griffith AJ, Kunst HP, Green GE, Shpargel KB, Runge C, Huybrechts C, Mueller RF, Lynch E, King MC, Brunner HG, Cremers CW, Takanosu M, Li SW, Arita M, Mayne R, Prockop DJ, Van Camp G, Smith RJ (December 1999). "Mutations in COL11A2 cause non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNA13)". Nature Genetics. 23 (4): 413–9. doi:10.1038/70516. PMID 10581026. S2CID 24289573.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: COL11A2 collagen, type XI, alpha 2".

Further reading

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