Collagen, type XV, alpha 1

Collagen alpha-1(XV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL15A1 gene.

COL15A1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3N3F
Identifiers
Aliases	COL15A1, collagen type XV alpha 1 chain
External IDs	OMIM: 120325; MGI: 88449; HomoloGene: 1396; GeneCards: COL15A1; OMA:COL15A1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9q22.33 Start 98,943,179 bp End 99,070,792 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse) Band 4|4 B1 Start 47,208,161 bp End 47,313,167 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of hip placenta synovial joint cardia cartilage tissue right ventricle pericardium superficial temporal artery saphenous vein cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium Top expressed in ascending aorta aortic valve lactiferous gland cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle sciatic nerve white adipose tissue extraocular muscle uterus subcutaneous adipose tissue thoracic diaphragm More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function extracellular matrix structural constituent structural molecule activity extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength Cellular component integral component of membrane basement membrane collagen endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular exosome collagen type XV trimer extracellular region extracellular matrix extracellular space collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process collagen catabolic process multicellular organism development cell differentiation angiogenesis signal transduction cell adhesion extracellular matrix organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1306 12819 Ensembl ENSG00000204291 ENSMUSG00000028339 UniProt P39059 O35206 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001855 NM_009928 RefSeq (protein) NP_001846 NP_034058 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 98.94 – 99.07 Mb Chr 4: 47.21 – 47.31 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XV collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Type XV collagen has a wide tissue distribution but the strongest expression is localized to basement membrane zones so it may function to adhere basement membranes to underlying connective tissue stroma. Mouse studies have shown that collagen XV deficiency is associated with muscle and microvessel deterioration.

Type XV collagen is known to be a tumor suppressor that can be used to understand tumor cells environment. Type XV collagen provides the membrane with support and cell anchorage but does not typically have a tight structural network.

Changes of collagen XV can be known to lead to cancer-like behavior in tissues. The loss of collagen XV would no longer provide structural support for the membrane, which can cause tumor cells to invade the basement membrane; prompting possible metastasis. The over expression of collagen XV is known to be found in cervical cancer.

For possible future medical purposes the lack of collagen XV present in tissues can be a means for indication of an invasive tumor.

Further reading

• Myers JC, Kivirikko S, Gordon MK, Dion AS, Pihlajaniemi T (November 1992). "Identification of a previously unknown human collagen chain, alpha 1(XV), characterized by extensive interruptions in the triple-helical region". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (21): 10144–8. Bibcode:1992PNAS...8910144M. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10144. PMC 50294. PMID 1279671.
• Kivirikko S, Heinämäki P, Rehn M, Honkanen N, Myers JC, Pihlajaniemi T (February 1994). "Primary structure of the alpha 1 chain of human type XV collagen and exon-intron organization in the 3' region of the corresponding gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (7): 4773–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37611-1. PMID 8106446.
• Muragaki Y, Abe N, Ninomiya Y, Olsen BR, Ooshima A (February 1994). "The human alpha 1(XV) collagen chain contains a large amino-terminal non-triple helical domain with a tandem repeat structure and homology to alpha 1(XVIII) collagen". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (6): 4042–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41739-X. PMID 8307960.
• Myers JC, Dion AS, Abraham V, Amenta PS (December 1996). "Type XV collagen exhibits a widespread distribution in human tissues but a distinct localization in basement membrane zones". Cell and Tissue Research. 286 (3): 493–505. doi:10.1007/s004410050719. PMID 8929352. S2CID 37769206.
• Hägg PM, Hägg PO, Peltonen S, Autio-Harmainen H, Pihlajaniemi T (June 1997). "Location of type XV collagen in human tissues and its accumulation in the interstitial matrix of the fibrotic kidney". The American Journal of Pathology. 150 (6): 2075–86. PMC 1858337. PMID 9176399.
• Hägg PM, Muona A, Liétard J, Kivirikko S, Pihlajaniemi T (July 1998). "Complete exon-intron organization of the human gene for the alpha1 chain of type XV collagen (COL15A1) and comparison with the homologous COL18A1 gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (28): 17824–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.28.17824. PMID 9651385.
• Ramchandran R, Dhanabal M, Volk R, Waterman MJ, Segal M, Lu H, et al. (February 1999). "Antiangiogenic activity of restin, NC10 domain of human collagen XV: comparison to endostatin". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 255 (3): 735–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0248. PMID 10049780.
• Li D, Clark CC, Myers JC (July 2000). "Basement membrane zone type XV collagen is a disulfide-bonded chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human tissues and cultured cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (29): 22339–47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000519200. PMID 10791950.
• Nishi M, Mizushima A, Nakagawara K, Takeshima H (July 2000). "Characterization of human junctophilin subtype genes". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 273 (3): 920–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3011. PMID 10891348.
• Eklund L, Muona A, Liétard J, Pihlajaniemi T (November 2000). "Structure of the mouse type XV collagen gene, Col15a1, comparison with the human COL15A1 gene and functional analysis of the promoters of both genes". Matrix Biology. 19 (6): 489–500. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(00)00090-1. PMID 11068203.
• Tomono Y, Naito I, Ando K, Yonezawa T, Sado Y, Hirakawa S, et al. (February 2002). "Epitope-defined monoclonal antibodies against multiplexin collagens demonstrate that type XV and XVIII collagens are expressed in specialized basement membranes". Cell Structure and Function. 27 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1247/csf.27.9. PMID 11937714.
• Myers JC, Amenta PS, Dion AS, Sciancalepore JP, Nagaswami C, Weisel JW, Yurchenco PD (June 2007). "The molecular structure of human tissue type XV presents a unique conformation among the collagens". The Biochemical Journal. 404 (3): 535–44. doi:10.1042/BJ20070201. PMC 1896284. PMID 17355226.