The CST complex is a cellular multiprotein complex involved in telomere maintenance. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), it is composed of the proteins Cdc13, Stn1, and Ten1; in mammals, it consists of the proteins CTC1, STN1, and TEN1.[1] It is related to the replication protein A complex.
Structure
editThis section is missing information about Resolved structures of yeast and human CST; different stoichiometry and human CST similarity to RPA. (December 2020) |
For budding yeast as well as for mammals, CST is a protein heterotrimer, consisting of three distinct proteins. Yeast Stn1 and Ten1 are orthologous proteins to mammalian STN1 and TEN1.[1][2] But yeast Cdc13 and mammalian CTC1 are very different in amino acid sequence, length, and to some extent in function.[3][4]
Function
editFor both budding yeast and mammals, the CST complex contributes to telomere maintenance, but this function is more crucial for budding yeast, where the CST complex performs the functions that shelterin performs in vertebrates.[1] At least four factors contribute to telomere maintenance: telomerase, shelterin, TERRA and the CST Complex.[5] CST protection of telomeres for mammals occurs under conditions of replication stress. But when not replicating DNA, mammals primarily require shelterin for telomere protection.[6] T-loops and G-quadruplexes are described as the two tertiary DNA structures that protect telomere ends and regulate telomere length.[3] In fungus, the CST complex has been shown to unfold higher order G-tailed structures, such as occur with telomere exposure during DNA replication.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Price CM, Boltz KA, Chaiken MF, Stewart JA, Beilstein MA, Shippen DE (August 2010). "Evolution of CST function in telomere maintenance". Cell Cycle. 9 (16): 3157–65. doi:10.4161/cc.9.16.12547. PMC 3041159. PMID 20697207.
- ^ Sun J, Yu EY, Yang Y, Confer LA, Sun SH, Wan K, Lue NF, Lei M (December 2009). "Stn1-Ten1 is an Rpa2-Rpa3-like complex at telomeres". Genes & Development. 23 (24): 2900–14. doi:10.1101/gad.1851909. PMC 2800091. PMID 20008938.
- ^ a b Rice C, Skordalakes E (2016). "Structure and function of the telomeric CST complex". Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 14: 161–7. doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2016.04.002. PMC 4872678. PMID 27239262.
- ^ Yu EY, Sun J, Lei M, Lue NF (January 2012). "Analyses of Candida Cdc13 orthologues revealed a novel OB fold dimer arrangement, dimerization-assisted DNA binding, and substantial structural differences between Cdc13 and RPA70". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 32 (1): 186–98. doi:10.1128/MCB.05875-11. PMC 3255709. PMID 22025677.
- ^ Giraud-Panis MJ, Teixeira MT, Géli V, Gilson E (September 2010). "CST meets shelterin to keep telomeres in check". Molecular Cell. 39 (5): 665–76. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.024. PMID 20832719.
- ^ Stewart JA, Wang F, Chaiken MF, Kasbek C, Chastain PD, Wright WE, Price CM (August 2012). "Human CST promotes telomere duplex replication and general replication restart after fork stalling". The EMBO Journal. 31 (17): 3537–49. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.215. PMC 3433780. PMID 22863775.
- ^ Lue NF, Zhou R, Chico L, Mao N, Steinberg-Neifach O, Ha T (2013). "The telomere capping complex CST has an unusual stoichiometry, makes multipartite interaction with G-Tails, and unfolds higher-order G-tail structures". PLOS Genetics. 9 (1): e1003145. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003145. PMC 3536697. PMID 23300477.