Cape Verdeans, also called Cabo Verdeans (Portuguese: cabo-verdiano), are a people native to Cape Verde, an island nation in West Africa consisting of an archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde is a multi-ethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. Cabo Verdeans do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities.
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 500,000–850,000 Cape Verdean ancestry and citizenship worldwide | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Cape Verde 491,875 (2010)[1] | |
 Portugal | 68,145–200,000[2] [3] |
 United States | 33,119[4]–102,853[5] |
 Senegal | 25,000 (1995) |
 Netherlands | 21,218 (2011)[6] |
 Argentina | 15.000 (1995)[7] |
 Spain | 10,000[2] [8] |
 Italy | 10.000 (1999)[9] |
 Angola | 9,400[10] |
 France | 8,000[2] [11] |
 Mozambique | 6,843[10] |
 Cuba | 6,000 |
 Mexico | 5,000 |
 Brazil | 4,500 |
 Canada | 4,000 (1999)[12] |
 Germany | 3,500 (1995)[13] |
 Luxembourg | 2,562 (2021)[14] |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | 1,237[10] |
 Uruguay | 1,000 |
 Venezuela | 1,000 |
| Languages | |
| Cape Verdean Creole, Portuguese | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Roman Catholicism Protestantism, Irreligion | |
Ethnic groups
editThe Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited when the Portuguese landed there in 1456. Africans from the main lands and Arabs from adjacent West Africa were brought to the islands to work on Portuguese plantations. As a result, many Cape Verdeans are of mixed ethnicity. European ancestors also include Italian and French. The last time Cape Verde counted racial origin was in the 1950 census.
Italian seamen who were granted land by the Portuguese Empire, were followed by Portuguese settlers, exiles, and Portuguese Jews (lançados) who were victims of the Inquisition. Many foreigners from other parts of the world settled in Cape Verde as their permanent country. Most of them were Dutch, French, British, Spanish, or the English, as well as Arabs and Jews (from Lebanon and Morocco).
Diaspora
editPrior to independence in 1975, many thousands of people emigrated from drought-stricken Portuguese Cape Verde, formerly an overseas province of Portugal. Because these people arrived using their Portuguese passports, they were registered as Portuguese immigrants by the authorities. Today, more Cape Verdeans live abroad than in Cape Verde itself, with significant emigrant[15] Cape Verdean communities in Brazil and in the United States (102,000 of Cape Verdeans descent in the U.S., with a major concentration on the New England coast from Providence, Rhode Island, to New Bedford, Massachusetts).
In 2008, Portugal's National Statistics Institute estimated that there were 68,145 Cape Verdeans who legally resided in Portugal. This made up "15.7% of all foreign nationals living legally in the country."[2]
Languages
editCape Verde's official language is Portuguese. It is the language of instruction and government.[citation needed]
Cape Verdean Creole is used colloquially, and is the mother tongue of virtually all Cape Verdeans. Cape Verdean Creole or Kriolu is a Portuguese-based creole, on a dialect continuum, that came from Guinea-Bissau Creole.[citation needed] There is a substantial body of literature in Creole, especially in the Santiago Creole and the São Vicente Creole. Creole has been gaining prestige since the nation's independence from Portugal.[citation needed]
Religion
edit
Religion in Cape Verde (2010)[16]
More than 80% of the population of Cape Verde is nominally Roman Catholic, according to an informal poll taken by local churches.[17] About 5% of the population is Protestant.[18] The largest Protestant denomination is the Church of the Nazarene.[17]
Other religious groups include the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Assemblies of God, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, the New Apostolic Church, and various other Pentecostal and evangelical groups.[17] There are also small Baháʼí communities and a small Muslim community.[17] The number of atheists is estimated at less than 1 percent of the population.[17]
Culture
editThe culture of Cape Verde reflects its mixed West African (Badiu) and Portuguese roots. It is well known for its diverse forms of music such as Morna, and a wide variety of dances: the soft dance Morna, the Funaná, the extreme sensuality of coladeira, and the Batuque dance. These are reflective of the diverse origins of Cape Verde's residents. The term "Criolo", or also "Kriolu"[19] is used to refer to residents as well as the culture of Cape Verde.
See also
edit- List of Cape Verdeans
- Cape Verdean diaspora where there are lists of more people of Cape Verdean descent around the world
References
edit- ^ "Estado da população cabo-verdiana". Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2015-01-12.
- ^ a b c d A Semana. "Cape Verdeans make up 15.7% of all foreigners in Portugal." Retrieved January 20, 2008. Archived February 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates Archived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2013.[dead link]
- ^ "American FactFinder - Results 2011". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
- ^ CBS 2010
- ^ University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth. "1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates." Retrieved on October 18, 2007. Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates Archived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ OECD 2004
- ^ a b c "Cape Verde - International emigrant stock".
- ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates Archived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cape Verdean Diaspora Population Estimates, Caboverde Informatics Project, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, archived from the original on 2009-08-29, retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ 1995 Cape Verdean Diaspora Population EstimatesArchived 2009-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Une large palette de nationalités". statistiques.public.lu (in French). Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- ^ Jorgen Carling, 2004, p.113-132
- ^ (CABO VERDE) Archived 2014-07-19 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 06-10-2012.
- ^ a b c d e International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Cape Verde. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Susanne Lipps: Kapverdische Inseln, p.47. Ostfilern 2009.
- ^ Hurley-Glowa, Susan (2015). "Cape Verdeans in the Atlantic: the formation of Kriolu music and dance styles on ship and in port". African Music. 10 (1): 7–30. doi:10.21504/amj.v10i1.1224. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Bibliography
edit- International migration database, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2004, archived from the original on 2009-06-17, retrieved 2009-08-26
- Population by origin and generation, 1 January, The Hague: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 2010-03-15, retrieved 2011-01-20
