Californication is a portmanteau of California and fornication, appearing in Time on May 6, 1966[1] and written about on August 21, 1972, additionally seen on bumper stickers in the U.S. states of Idaho,[2] Washington,[3] Colorado, Oregon, Oklahoma,[4][5] and Texas.[6]
It was a term popular in the 1970s and referring primarily to the "haphazard, mindless development [of land] that has already gobbled up most of Southern California",[7] which some attributed to an influx of Californians to other states in the Western United States.
As a popular concept
editOne of the most well-known uses of the word occurs in the Red Hot Chili Peppers's album Californication (1999), which has a song by the same name. The song refers to a Hollywood-driven exportation of culture, with further references to plastic surgery, war, population control, and natural disasters.[8]
The concept is also familiar within the social sciences, and is understood as American cultural imperialism emanating from California.[9] This Californication is a particular ethos packaged as a cultural commodity and broadcast throughout the world in order to penetrate into other cultures.[citation needed]
Causes
editSteven Malanga, a fellow at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, said he believes that domestic migration from California is mainly driven by high housing costs and taxation rates in the state, citing polls with California residents on their desire to leave. Malanga suggested that migrants from California are likely to trend politically conservative, whereas liberals are less likely to want to leave the state.[10]
By state
editColorado
editOn November 7, 1972, in a statewide referendum, Colorado voters rejected a bond issue to fund the hosting of the 1976 Winter Olympics. The venue for the games would have been spread over 150 miles (240 km) and was widely viewed as a license for unbridled development. As part of the opposition to the bond, the slogan "Don't Californicate Colorado" was coined, appearing on bumper stickers and placards across the state. This rejection by Colorado voters followed a trend in the western states to blame California-style "mindless development" for the urban growth problems experienced in states like Colorado, Montana, New Mexico and Oregon.[7]
Idaho
editIdaho was the fastest-growing state in the 2010s as the city of Boise experienced significant migration from California. Of the roughly 80,000 new Idaho residents in 2016, 17,000 arrived from California. Increased house purchases by out-of-state migrants, especially retirees, led to significant increases in real estate prices in and around Boise.[11] Idaho's appeal to Californians has been attributed to its low cost of living and high quality of life.[12]
Oregon
editCalifornication as a pejorative was a culmination of sentiments known in the 1940s, typified by Stewart Holbrook, author and Oregonian columnist, who campaigned through the fictitious James G. Blaine Society against development and unchecked population growth.[13] Similar groups—such as The Miller Society—jokingly promoted measures like building a 16-foot (4.9 m) tall fence all along Interstate 5 to prevent exiting between California and Washington, expelling non-native Oregon-born residents, and instituting a $5000 immigration fee.[14]
In 1965, Eugene's first planning commission began to question decades of promotion by chambers of commerce and developers. It referred to a 1959 pro-growth development plan and rampant road building as "All the way to San Jose"—an allusion to freeways' decreasing neighborhood livability.[14] Interstate 5 from California was completed the year before. Previously, the main route into Oregon from California was through twisty, two-lane U.S. Route 99.
Governor Tom McCall was interviewed by Terry Drinkwater and appeared on national television January 12, 1971, for his acclaimed conservation experience. Extemporaneously he said, "Come visit us again and again. But for heaven's sake, don't come here to live."[15] Soon, bumper stickers that discouraged migration to Oregon were widely seen: "The famous radioactive vapors of the Columbia River will get you!", and "Oregonians don't tan; they rust". The banner "Don't Californicate Oregon" became the symbol of James Cloutier's line of "Oregon Ungreeting Cards", which carried sentiments such as "Tom Lawson McCall, governor, on behalf of the citizens of the great state of Oregon, cordially invites you to visit... Washington or California or Idaho or Nevada or Afghanistan".[15]
Washington
editSeattle Times columnist Emmett Watson remarked in a 1989 piece on Lesser Seattle that the "invasion of California nitwits to the Northwest" had reached "epidemic" proportions.[16]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Books: Nosepicking Contests". Time. May 6, 1966. Archived from the original on January 11, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
- ^ Timothy Egan (May 30, 1993). "Eastward, Ho! The Great Move Reverses". The New York Times. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
- ^ Robert Ferrigno (November 1, 1996). "Kiss My Tan Line: How Californians saved Seattle". Slate. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
- ^ "Californicating Oklahoma". 15 June 2009.
- ^ Wiseman, Paul (October 12, 2010). "More Californians reverse course and head to Oklahoma". USA Today.
- ^ Wiseman, Paul (October 12, 2010). "More Californians are migrating to Texas". USA Today.
- ^ a b Sandra Burton (August 21, 1972). "The Great Wild Californicated West". Time. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
- ^ Walthall, Catherine (August 11, 2022). "The Dark Meaning of "Californication" by The Red Hot Chili Peppers". American Songwriter. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ Californication and Cultural Imperialism: Baywatch and the Creation of World Culture. Ed. Andrew Anglophone. Point Sur: Malibu University Press, 1997.
- ^ "Don't count on migrating Californians to bring left-wing politics to their new homes". Dallas News. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ Sisson, Patrick (2019-01-22). "As Boise booms, a city faces the curse of 'Californiacation'". Curbed. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Do Californians feel welcomed in Idaho?". ktvb.com. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ Brian Booth (2000). "Stewart Holbrook". Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
- ^ a b City Club of Eugene, Karen Seidel (2001). Cheri Brooks, Kathleen Holt (ed.). Eugene, 1945-2000: Decisions that made a community. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 51–53. ISBN 978-0-7388-4581-4.
- ^ a b Brent Walth. "Blazing Trails in the 1970s". An Oregon Century—100 years of Oregon in words and pictures, in The Oregonian. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
- ^ Watson, Emmett (July 30, 1989). "Mount the Ramparts! Fight Californication". The Seattle Times. p. B1.