The Teutonic Cemetery (Italian: Campo Santo dei Teutonici e dei Fiamminghi, "Camposanto of the Teutons and the Flemish") is a burial site in Rome adjacent to St. Peter's Basilica. Burial is reserved for members of the Confraternity of Our Lady of the German Cemetery, which owns the cemetery.[1] It is a place of pilgrimage for many German-speaking pilgrims.
| Teutonic Cemetery | |
|---|---|
Italian: Campo Santo dei Teutonici e dei Fiamminghi | |
 The Teutonic Cemetery seen from above, in the courtyard of Collegio Teutonico. | |
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| Details | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 41°54′05.04″N 012°27′15.84″E / 41.9014000°N 12.4544000°E |
| Find a Grave | Teutonic Cemetery |
The cemetery lies entirely outside the borders of Vatican City; it is an extraterritorial property of the Holy See as designated under the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
History
editLocated where the Circus of Nero once stood, during the period of the Roman Empire, it was the site of the martyrdom of many of the early Christians of the city. The cemetery chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows marks the spot where St. Peter was killed.[2]
It is reported that Pope Leo III gave the land to Charlemagne in 799 for a hospice, called the Schola Francorum, for German pilgrims. In connection with the hospice was a church dedicated to the Saviour and a graveyard for the burial of the subjects of Charlemagne who died in Rome. Since the fifteenth century the soil of this cemetery has been held to be sacred earth from Jerusalem. This tradition, in connection with the immediate vicinity of the graves of the Apostles and with the memory of the first martyrs under Nero, explains the name of campus sanctus, "holy field".[3] The cemetery is owned by the Archconfraternity of Our Lady, formed in 1454 to preserve the grounds.[4]
On 6 May 1527, during the Sack of Rome, it was the site of the 'Stand of the Swiss Guard' when the Pope's Swiss Guards held off mutinous German troops long enough for Pope Clement VII to escape over the Passetto di Borgo to Castel Sant'Angelo.
There are now two institutes of study and two chapels attached to the cemetery, one being the burial place of the Swiss Guards who fell in defense of the city against the forces of the new Kingdom of Italy in 1870. The Collegio Teutonico del Campo Santo replaced the hospice in 1876 to receive priests belonging to the German Empire or German provinces of Austria, who remained there for two or, at the most, three years pursuing their studies and officiating in the Church of Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici.
The cemetery is reserved for the burial of members of the Santa Maria della Pietà Confraternity (a confraternity originally with membership only for citizens of the Holy Roman Empire) and members of the German colleges and religious houses in Rome.[5]
In February 2015, Willy Herteleer, a homeless Flemish man, was buried in the cemetery with the assistance of Paul Badde, a German journalist and a member of the Archconfraternity,[2] after approval by Pope Francis and reflecting his maxim that he wanted "a poor church, for the poor".[6]
Burials
edit- Johann Baptist Anzer S.V.D.
- Ludwig Curtius, archaeologist[4]
- Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst[3]
- Willy Herteleer, homeless Flemish pilgrim[2]
- Engelbert Kirschbaum SJ, archaeologist
- Joseph Anton Koch, landscape painter[4]
- Xavier de Mérode[3]
Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin first wife of Christian VIII of Denmark was allegedly buried here. Her tomb was opened on 11 July 2019 due to investigations related to the disappearance of Emanuela Orlandi case, but was found to be empty.[7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Fischer, Hans-Peter. "The Teutonic Cemetery, a cemetery within the Vatican", Rome Reports, August 12, 2012
- ^ a b c Ieraci, Laura, "Historic cemetery inside Vatican walls is 'little piece of paradise'", Catholic News Service, March 12, 2015
- ^ a b c Waal, Anton de. "Campo Santo de' Tedeschi." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 8 April 2020
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Rezac, Mary. "The lively history of the Vatican Teutonic cemetery", Catholic News Agency, October 31, 2014
- ^ Vatican City website "Teutonic Cemetery" Archived 2012-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pope Francis approves burial of homeless man at prestigious Vatican Teutonic Cemetery, ABC News Online, 27 February 2015
- ^ Rodari, Paolo (11 July 2019). "Caso Orlandi, il fratello Pietro: "Tombe aperte e trovate vuote: incredibile"". La Repubblica (in Italian). Rome. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Reynolds, James (11 July 2019). "Emanuela Orlandi search: Empty tombs fail to solve Vatican mystery". BBC News. Vatican City. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Campo Santo de' Tedeschi". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Sources
edit- Moser, Christian: Caspar Röist in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2009.
- R. Walpen, Die Päpstliche Schweizergarde (2006), 64–71.
External links
edit
Media related to Campo Santo Teutonico at Wikimedia Commons