Largescale stoneroller

Largescale stoneroller
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
	; Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Clade:	Pogonichthyinae
Genus:	Campostoma
Species:	C. oligolepis
Binomial name
	Campostoma oligolepis; C. L. Hubbs & Greene, 1935

The largescale stoneroller (Campostoma oligolepis) is a fish in the family Cyprinidae native to the eastern United States.

Geographic distribution

The largescale stoneroller is found natively in many of North American streams, rivers, lakes, and creeks.^[3] It is native to the Upper Mississippi River and Lake Michigan drainages of Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota, eastern Iowa, and northern Illinois; Ozarkian streams of central and southern Missouri, and northern Arkansas; Mobile Bay drainage, Georgia, Alabama, and eastern Mississippi; parts of Green, Cumberland, and Tennessee River drainages of Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama ^[4] It has also been introduced into other areas in North America like the Illinois River in Oklahoma. It is thought that the reason for their introduction into the Oklahoma is due to the fact that it is a popular baitfish, and has effects on this area in ways that have not been noticed by scientist and researchers.^{[citation needed]} The largescale stoneroller ranges from Alabama to Oklahoma.^[2]

Ecology

The largescale stoneroller inhabits well-oxygenated waters with temperatures around 46–32 °F (8–0 °C), with low turbulence and a reduced flow of water.^[5] It prefers upland habitats above the Fall Line.^[6] It is a herbivorous fish which eats diatoms, green algae, and blue-green bacteria, with a tendency to ingest less sand and silt than the central stoneroller.^[7] The largescale stoneroller's predators include large and smallmouth bass, the spotted bass, sauger, and the walleye. It is a popular baitfish so anglers also catch them for fishing. The largescale stoneroller can tolerate waters that are polluted and therefore it does not have many competing species.^[8]

Life cycle

Largescale stoneroller generally reach sexual maturity at one to four years of age. The breeding process starts with the males constructing the nest in gravel bars and rocks in the late winter. The females then come in the spring and lay the eggs while the males fertilize them.^[9] A female can lay anywhere from four hundred to four thousand eggs at one time. After breeding, both male and female leave the nest unattended and let the fry hatch and fend for themselves. The fry stay together and form a school and eat and protect one another. The largescale stoneroller has a life expectancy of around five years.^[10]

Management

The largescale stoneroller is not currently on the federal/ state endangered or threatened list.^[11] It was discovered in the Illinois River in Oklahoma (middle Arkansas drainage) and may have been introduced there ^[12] Even though it was introduced there it still has to show any kind of positive or negative effect on the biotic and a biotic life in that area.

References

^ NatureServe (2013). "Campostoma oligolepis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T201949A2731149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T201949A2731149.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Campostoma oligolepis". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
^ Meade, Mark, O'Kelley, Jeffrey, Scull, Greg, and Turner, Josh.2009. Fish Assemblages in Talladega National Forest's Choccolocco, Shoal, and Scarbrough Creeks. Southeastern Naturalist 8:677-686.
^ Fuller, Pam. 2011. Campostoma oligolepis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Campostoma oligolepis". FishBase.
^ Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 2008. Largescale Stoneroller.
^ Fowler, James, Taber, Charles. 1985. Food Habits and Feeding Periodicity in Two Sympatric Stonerollers Cyprinidae. vol. 113, no. 2.
^ Rakocinski, Chester. 1980. Hybridization and Introgression Between Campostoma oligolepis and C. anomulum pullum ( Cypriniforms: Cyprinidae). vol 1980, no. 4.
^ Rakocinski, Chester. 1984. Aspects of Reproduction Isolation between Compostoma oligolopis and Compostoma anomalum pullum (Cypriniforms: Cyprinidae) in Northern Illinois. vol. 112, no.1.
^ Becker, G.C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Madison Press, Madison, WI.
^ Burr, Brooks, Smith Philip .1976. Status of the Largescale Stoneroller, Compostoma oligolepis. vol 1976, no. 3.
^ Burr, B.M., and R.C. Cashner. 1983. Campostoma pauciradii, a new cyprinid fish from southeastern United States, with a review of related forms. Copeia 1983(1):101-116.