Gitega (French pronunciation: [ɡiteɡa]), formerly Kitega, is the political capital of Burundi. Located in the centre of the country, in the Burundian central plateau[2] roughly 62 kilometres (39 mi) east of Bujumbura, the largest city and former political capital, Gitega is the country's fourth largest city[3] and former royal capital of the Kingdom of Burundi until its abolition in 1966.[4][note 1] In late December 2018, Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status,[4] with Bujumbura remaining as economic capital and centre of commerce.[5] A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, with all branches of government expected to move in over three years.[6][needs update]
Gitega | |
|---|---|
   .jpg) .jpg) Top: Gitega skyline; Middle: Cathedral of Christ the King, Downtown Gitega; National Museum of Gitega, Kibimba School Memorial | |
  Gitega Location in Burundi  Gitega Gitega (Africa) | |
| Coordinates: 03°25′42″S 29°55′30″E / 3.42833°S 29.92500°E | |
| Country |  Burundi |
| Province | Gitega Province |
| Area | |
| 22 km2 (8 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 22 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 27 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,504 m (4,934 ft) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
| 135,467 | |
| • Density | 6,200/km2 (16,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (Central Africa Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | (Not Observed) |
Geography
editGitega is the capital of Gitega Province, one of the eighteen provinces of Burundi. It is located in the center of the country, at roughly the same distance between the commercial capital, Bujumbura on Lake Tanganyika to the west, the Tanzanian border to the east—both at around 62 kilometres (39 mi)—and the Rwandan border, about 72 kilometres (45 mi) to the north. It lies on a broad plateau surrounded by hills, a few kilometres southwest of the confluence of the Ruvyironza and Rurubu Rivers.[7] Ruvubu National Park, the country's biggest, lies 26 kilometres (16 mi) to the east.[8]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Gitega (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.4 (95.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.6 (52.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 99.8 (3.93) |
96.7 (3.81) |
142.9 (5.63) |
142.4 (5.61) |
107.7 (4.24) |
44.7 (1.76) |
10.4 (0.41) |
39.2 (1.54) |
88.0 (3.46) |
109.4 (4.31) |
192.1 (7.56) |
185.3 (7.30) |
1,258.8 (49.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.3 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 15.5 | 11.1 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 6.9 | 13.4 | 17.3 | 14.1 | 110.1 |
| Source: NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
History
editGitega was at one time the seat of the Kingdom of Burundi and remained as capital of the kings of Burundi (mwami) until 1966.[citation needed]
The Germans founded the town of Gitega in 1912 when Burundi was part of German East Africa.[10]
In March 2007, President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza announced that Burundi was planning to bring back its capital city to Gitega, saying that it is in a better location for a capital than Bujumbura.[11]
On 24 December 2018, it was announced by Nkurunziza that Gitega was to become the capital city of Burundi, pending only Parliament approval.[4][12] The expected parliamentary assent (given the President's CNDD-FFD party comfortable majority in both chambers) arrived through a vote on 16 January 2019, with some ministries already starting the move two days later.[6]
On 7 December 2021, a fire broke out in an overcrowded prison in Gitega, killing at least 38 and injuring more than 69.[13]
Education
editThe Polytechnic University of Gitega was founded in 2014.[14]
Culture
editIt is the home of Burundi's National Museum of Gitega. Several karyenda royal drum sanctuaries are located in the area, as well as the ibwami (royal court). On 29 April 1972, Ntare V of Burundi, the country's last Mwami (King), was killed in Gitega.[citation needed]
Places of worship
editPlaces of worship in Gitega are predominantly Christian churches and cathedrals, including: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gitega (Catholic Church), Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi (Anglican Communion), Union of Baptist Churches in Burundi (Baptist World Alliance), and Assemblies of God.[15] There are also Muslim mosques.[citation needed]
Transportation
editGitega was served by Gitega Airport, which is now defunct.[when?] Gitega is served by four National Roads (Routes Nationales, RN): RN2 connects it with Bujumbura through the northwest, via Muramvya and Bujumbura Rural provinces. RN15 leads to the north of country, towards Ngozi and continuing on to Rwanda, while passing through the ancient royal court of Gishora; RN12, which separates from RN15 on the outskirts of Gitega, heads northeast to serve the provinces of Karuzi and Muyinga. The last is RN3, which heads towards the southwest towards Rumonge and Lake Tanganyika.[16]
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ From 1922 on, Usumbura (now Bujumbura) acted as a second, colonial, administrative and economic capital of the country; it effectively became its only political capital between the abolition of the monarchy in 1966 and January 2019.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ "Institute de statistiques et d'etudes economiques du burundi, (Annuaires Statistiques 2016, p 23)". Archived from the original on 2017-09-11. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. "Gitega (Burundi)". Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/burundi
- ^ a b c Agence France-Presse (22 December 2018). "Burundi names Gitega as new capital". The EastAfrican. Nation Media Group. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ Nimubona, Désiré (24 December 2018). "Burundi Moves Political Capital From Bujumbura to Gitega". Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Burundi to change its capital city". BBC World News. British Broadcasting Company. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
The vote took place on Wednesday and the leader of parliament said the move would take place over three years.
- ^ Hughes, R.H.; Hughes, J.S. (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands. Cambridge, United Kingdom: International Union for Conservation of Nature. p. 97. ISBN 2-88032-949-3.
- ^ "Burundi：Country in the Heart of the African Great Lakes Region". skyticket. 26 June 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Gitega". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
- ^ Françoise Le Guennec-Coppens, Pat Caplan, Les Swahili entre Afrique et Arabie, KARTHALA Editions, France, 1991, p. 174
- ^ "Gitega Soon to Become the Capital of Burundi", AllAfrica.com, 27 March 2007, retrieved 15 February 2010
- ^ "Burundi's Political Capital now is Gitega". Emirates Business. 24 December 2018.
- ^ "Burundi prison fire kills at least 38 in Gitega". BBC News. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ DAM, "Burundi: Début des cours à l’Université Polytechnique de Gitega en février", burundi-agnews.org, Burundi, January 9, 2014.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, "Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices", ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p.456.
- ^ "Burundi". Road numbering systems. Google Sites. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Further reading
edit- Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2015). Gitega, capitale du Burundi : une ville du Far West en Afrique orientale allemande, 1912-1916. Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN 9782811115098.
External links
edit