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Medina Sidonia is a city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. Considered by some to be the oldest city in Europe, it is used as a military defence location because of its elevation. Locals are known as Asidonenses. The city's name comes from Medina (Arabic for "City") and Sidonia (of Sidon) and means "City of Sidon".
Medina Sidonia | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Medina Sidonia Location of Medina-Sidonia in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 36°28′N 5°55′W / 36.467°N 5.917°W | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Cádiz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Manuel Fernando Macías Herrera (Izquierda Unida) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 493 km2 (190 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 337 m (1,106 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
| • Total | 11,658 |
| • Density | 24/km2 (61/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | http://www.medinasidonia.com/ |
Medina-Sidonia, one of Spain's most important ducal seats in the 15th century, produced an admiral, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, who led the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. The title of Duque de Medina Sidonia was bestowed upon the family of Guzmán El Bueno for his valiant role in taking the town. The line continues and was led until March 2008 by the controversial socialist Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia (born 1936).
History
editThis city was most likely ancient Asido, an Iberian settlement which may have been founded by the Phoenicians, hence the later name Sidonia reflecting its foundation by Sidon. Its earliest phase is known through its coinage and its 2nd and 1st centuries BC issues bear the Latin inscription Asido but also Punic inscriptions such as 'sdn or b'b'l, with Herakles and dolphins being notable obverse and reverse designs. The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World equates this site with modern Medina Sidonia - lying within the ancient Roman province of Turdetania some 30 km (19 mi) inland from the southern Spanish coast, this site lay upon a hill c. 35 km (22 mi) to the east of Gades (modern Cadiz), and 15 km (9 mi) to the west of the Besilus river.[2]
By the 3rd century BC the Romans had gained control over much of southern Spain; once coming under Roman hegemony this site was later referred to as Asido Caesarina.[3] In 571, Visigothic king Liuvigild attacked the Byzantines and captured Medina Sidonia.[4] In 712, the town was conquered by the Muslim commander Musa ibn Nusayr, and became the capital of the province of Sidonia in the emirate of Spain. The city was attacked by Vikings in 842.[5] It returned to Christian hands with Alfonso X of Castile, in 1264, becoming a stronghold along the frontier with the last Muslim country in the Iberian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Granada. It was also the seat of several military orders.
In 1440, it became part of the lordship of the Dukes of Medina-Sidonia.
Main sights
editThe town is characterized by medieval walls and tidy, narrow cobbled streets flanked by rows of reja-fronted houses. Sights include:
- The Castle (13th-15th centuries)
- Roman archaeological complex (1st century AD)
- Town Hall (16th century)
- La Alameda (16th century)
- Ducal Stables (16th century)
- Church of Saint Mary the Crowned (Spanish: Iglesia de Santa María la Coronada)
- Castle of Torre-estrella (13th century)
Gallery
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The Ducal Stables -
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Wind farm -
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Medina-Sidonia castle -
Santa María la Coronada church -
Official portrait of Agrippina the Elder (14 BC–33 AD), found in Medina-Sidonia -
Feria y Fiestas de Medina-Sidonia 2008 -
Santa María la Coronada church altarpiece -
Asidonian Patio, Casa Rural Sidonia -
Large size Alfajor, Andalusian Christmas pastry
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Richard J. A. Talbert et al (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. Map 26, E5.
- ^ Richard J. A. Talbert et al (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. Map 26, E5. See CD ROM entry by R.C. Knapp and F.H. Stanley, Jr. on Lusitania-Baetica; see also A. Tovar, Iberische Landeskunde: die Völker und die Städte des antiken Hispanien: Baetica, Zweiter Teil, Band 1, Baden-Baden, 1974.
- ^ Harold Livermore, Twilight of the Goths, Intellect, 2006, p. 58.
- ^ Ibn ‘Idhārī Bayān: Ibn ‘Idhārī al-Marrākushī, Abū’l-Abbās Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Kitāb al-bayān al-mughrib, ed. G. S. Colin and E. Lévi-Provençal, Leiden : Brill (1951), vol.2: 88–89, (trans.: Stefánsson: 35–36) Vikings (Majūs) arrived in about 80 ships. One might say they had, as it were, filled the ocean with dark red birds, in the same way as they had filled the hearts of men with fear and trembling. After landing at Lisbon, they sailed to Cadiz, then to Sidonia, then to Seville. They besieged this city, and took it by storm. After letting the inhabitants suffer the terror of imprisonment or death, they remained there seven days, during which they let the people empty the cup of bitterness.
