Carbonate mineral

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO²⁻
₃.

Calcite crystals from the Sweetwater Mine, Viburnum Trend District, Reynolds County, Missouri; 6.2 × 6 × 3.3 cm

Carbonate divisions

Anhydrous carbonates

Rhodochrosite, Sweet Home Mine, Alma, Colorado; 5.2 × 4.2 × 2.3 cm

Smithsonite, Silver Bill Mine, Dragoon Mts, Cochise County, Arizona; 4.8 × 4.1 × 2.4 cm

Calcite group: trigonal
- Calcite CaCO₃
- Gaspéite (Ni,Mg,Fe²⁺)CO₃
- Magnesite MgCO₃
- Otavite CdCO₃
- Rhodochrosite MnCO₃
- Siderite FeCO₃
- Smithsonite ZnCO₃
- Spherocobaltite CoCO₃
Aragonite group: orthorhombic
- Aragonite CaCO₃
- Cerussite PbCO₃
- Strontianite SrCO₃
- Witherite BaCO₃
- Rutherfordine UO₂CO₃
- Natrite Na₂CO₃

Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

Dolomite with calcite and chalcopyrite from the Picher Field, Tri-State district, Cherokee County, Kansas; 12.0 × 9.7 × 4.3 cm

Dolomite group: trigonal
- Ankerite CaFe(CO₃)₂
- Dolomite CaMg(CO₃)₂
- Huntite Mg₃Ca(CO₃)₄
- Minrecordite CaZn(CO₃)₂
- Barytocalcite BaCa(CO₃)₂

Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

Azurite and malachite, Beaver Dam Mts, Washington County, Utah; 5.1 × 3.9 × 2.4 cm

Carbonate with hydroxide: monoclinic
- Azurite Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
- Hydrocerussite Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
- Malachite Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂
- Rosasite (Cu,Zn)₂CO₃(OH)₂
- Phosgenite Pb₂(CO₃)Cl₂
- Hydrozincite Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
- Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆

Hydrated carbonates

Hydromagnesite Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂.4H₂O
Ikaite CaCO₃·6(H₂O)
Lansfordite MgCO₃·5(H₂O)
Monohydrocalcite CaCO₃·H₂O
Natron Na₂CO₃·10(H₂O)
Zellerite Ca(UO₂)(CO₃)₂·5(H₂O)

The carbonate class in both the Dana and the Strunz classification systems include the nitrates.^[1]^[2]

Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates

Hanksite, Na₂₂K(SO₄)₉(CO₃)₂Cl, one of the few minerals that is considered a carbonate and a sulfate

Photomicrographs of a thin section containing carbonate vein in mica rich rock. In cross-polarized light on left, plane-polarized light on right.

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009).^[3] This list uses the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).^[2]

Abbreviations:
- "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
  - Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
  - Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
  - Cyclo: ring
  - Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
  - Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
  - Tekto: three-dimensional framework
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: carbonates

05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H₂O
- 05.AA Alkali carbonates: 05 Zabuyelite; 10 Gregoryite, 10 Natrite; 15 Nahcolite, 20 Kalicinite, 25 Teschemacherite, 30 Wegscheiderite
- 05.AB Alkali-earth (and other M²⁺) carbonates: 05 Calcite, 05 Gaspeite, 05 Magnesite, 05 Rhodochrosite, 05 Otavite, 05 Spherocobaltite, 05 Siderite, 05 Smithsonite; 10 Ankerite, 10 Dolomite, 10 Kutnohorite, 10 Minrecordite; 15 Cerussite, 15 Aragonite, 15 Strontianite, 15 Witherite; 20 Vaterite, 25 Huntite, 30 Norsethite, 35 Alstonite; 40 Olekminskite, 40 Paralstonite; 45 Barytocalcite, 50 Carbocernaite, 55 Benstonite, 60 Juangodoyite
- 05.AC Alkali and alkali-earth carbonates: 05 Eitelite, 10 Nyerereite, 10 Natrofairchildite, 10 Zemkorite; 15 Butschliite, 20 Fairchildite, 25 Shortite; 30 Sanromanite, 30 Burbankite, 30 Calcioburbankite, 30 Khanneshite
- 05.AD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Sahamalite-(Ce); 15 Rémondite-(Ce), 15 Petersenite-(Ce), 15 Rémondite-(La); 20 Paratooite-(La)
05.B Carbonates with additional anions, without H₂O
- 05.BA With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn: 05 Azurite, 10 Chukanovite, 10 Malachite, 10 Georgeite, 10 Pokrovskite, 10 Nullaginite, 10 Glaukosphaerite, 10 Mcguinnessite, 10 Kolwezite, 10 Rosasite, 10 Zincrosasite; 15 Aurichalcite, 15 Hydrozincite; 20 Holdawayite, 25 Defernite; 30 Loseyite, 30 Sclarite
- 05.BB With alkalies, etc.: 05 Barentsite, 10 Dawsonite, 15 Tunisite, 20 Sabinaite
- 05.BC With alkali-earth cations: 05 Brenkite, 10 Rouvilleite, 15 Podlesnoite
- 05.BD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Cordylite-(Ce), 05 Lukechangite-(Ce); 10 Kukharenkoite-(La), 10 Kukharenkoite-(Ce), 10 Zhonghuacerite-(Ce); 15 Cebaite-(Nd), 15 Cebaite-(Ce); 20a Bastnasite-(Ce), 20a Bastnasite-(La), 20a Bastnasite-(Y), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(La), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd), 20a Thorbastnasite, 20b Parisite-(Nd), 20b Parisite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Nd), 20c Synchysite-(Y), 20d Rontgenite-(Ce); 25 Horvathite-(Y), 30 Qaqarssukite-(Ce), 35 Huanghoite-(Ce)
- 05.BE With Pb, Bi: 05 Shannonite, 10 Hydrocerussite, 15 Plumbonacrite, 20 Phosgenite, 25 Bismutite, 30 Kettnerite, 35 Beyerite
- 05.BF With (Cl), SO₄, PO₄, TeO₃: 05 Northupite, 05 Ferrotychite, 05 Manganotychite, 05 Tychite; 10 Bonshtedtite, 10 Crawfordite, 10 Bradleyitev, 10 Sidorenkite, 15 Daqingshanite-(Ce), 20 Reederite-(Y), 25 Mineevite-(Y), 30 Brianyoungite, 35 Philolithite; 40 Macphersonitev, 40 Susannite, 40 Leadhillite
05.C Carbonates without additional anions, with H₂O
- 05.CA With medium-sized cations: 05 Nesquehonite, 10 Lansfordite, 15 Barringtonite, 20 Hellyerite
- 05.CB With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates): 05 Thermonatrite, 10 Natron, 15 Trona, 20 Monohydrocalcite, 25 Ikaite, 30 Pirssonite, 35 Gaylussite, 40 Chalconatronite, 45 Baylissite, 50 Tuliokite
- 05.CC With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Donnayite-(Y), 05 Mckelveyite-(Nd)*, 05 Mckelveyite-(Y), 05 Weloganite; 10 Tengerite-(Y), 15 Lokkaite-(Y); 20 Shomiokite-(Y), 20 IMA2008-069; 25 Calkinsite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(La), 25 Lanthanite-(Nd); 30 Adamsite-(Y), 35 Decrespignyite-(Y), 40 Galgenbergite-(Ce), 45 Ewaldite, 50 Kimuraite-(Y)
05.D Carbonates with additional anions, with H₂O
- 05.DA With medium-sized cations: 05 Dypingite, 05 Giorgiosite, 05 Hydromagnesite, 05 Widgiemoolthalite; 10 Artinite, 10 Chlorartinite; 15 Otwayite, 20 Kambaldaite, 25 Callaghanite, 30 Claraite; 35 Hydroscarbroite, 35 Scarbroite; 40 Charmarite-3T, 40 Charmarite-2H, 40 Caresite, 40 Quintinite-2H, 40 Quintinite-3T; 45 Brugnatellite, 45 Barbertonite, 45 Chlormagaluminite, 45 Zaccagnaite, 45 Manasseite, 45 Sjogrenite; 50 Desautelsite, 50 Comblainite, 50 Hydrotalcite, 50 Pyroaurite, 50 Reevesite, 50 Stichtite, 50 Takovite; 55 Coalingite, 60 Karchevskyite, 65 Indigirite, 70 Zaratite
- 05.DB With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Alumohydrocalcite, 05 Para-alumohydrocalcite, 05 Nasledovite; 10 Dresserite, 10 Dundasite, 10 Strontiodresserite, 10 Petterdite, 10 Kochsandorite; 15 Hydrodresserite, 20 Schuilingite-(Nd), 25 Sergeevite, 30 Szymanskiite, 35 Montroyalite
- 05.DC With large cations: 05 Ancylite-(Ce), 05 Ancylite-(La), 05 Gysinite-(Nd), 05 Calcioancylite-(Ce), 05 Calcioancylite-(Nd), 05 Kozoite-(La), 05 Kozoite-(Nd); 10 Kamphaugite-(Y), 15 Sheldrickite, 20 Thomasclarkite-(Y), 25 Peterbaylissite, 30 Clearcreekite, 35 Niveolanite
05.E Uranyl carbonates
- 05.EA UO₂:CO₃ > 1:1: 10 Urancalcarite, 15 Wyartite, 20 Oswaldpeetersite, 25 Roubaultite, 30 Kamotoite-(Y), 35 Sharpite
- 05.EB UO₂:CO₃ = 1:1: 05 Rutherfordine, 10 Blatonite, 15 Joliotite, 20 Bijvoetite-(Y)
- 05.EC UO₂:CO₃ < 1:1 - 1:2: 05 Fontanite; 10 Metazellerite, 10 Zellerite
- 05.ED UO₂:CO₃ = 1:3: 05 Bayleyite, 10 Swartzite, 15 Albrechtschraufite, 20 Liebigite, 25 Rabbittite, 30 Andersonite, 35 Grimselite, 40 Widenmannite, 45 Znucalite, 50 Cejkaite
- 05.EE UO₂:CO₃ = 1:4: 05 Voglite, 10 Shabaite-(Nd)
- 05.EF UO₂:CO₃ = 1:5: 05 Astrocyanite-(Ce)
- 05.EG With SO₄ or SiO₄: 05 Schrockingerite, 10 Lepersonnite-(Gd)

References

^ Dana Classification on Webmineral.
^ ^a ^b Strunz Classification on Webmineral.
^ Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel; Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Ernest H. Nickel; Monte C. Nichols (March 2009). "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

External links

Media related to Carbonates (minerals) at Wikimedia Commons

[Dana-1] Dana Classification on Webmineral.

[Strunz-2] Strunz Classification on Webmineral.

[3] Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel; Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

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