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Jean-Marie Villot (11 October 1905 – 9 March 1979) was a French prelate and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Lyon from 1965 to 1967, Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy from 1967 to 1969, Vatican Secretary of State from 1969 to 1979, and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1970 to 1979. He was made a cardinal in 1965.
His Eminence Jean-Marie Villot | |
|---|---|
| Secretary of State | |
 | |
| See | Frascati |
| Appointed | 2 May 1969 |
| Term ended | 9 March 1979 |
| Predecessor | Amleto Giovanni Cicognani |
| Successor | Agostino Casaroli |
| Other post(s) | |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 19 April 1930 by Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart |
| Consecration | 12 October 1954 by Maurice Feltin |
| Created cardinal | 22 February 1965 by Pope Paul VI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Bishop |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 October 1905 |
| Died | 9 March 1979 (aged 73) Vatican City |
| Nationality | French |
| Motto | auxilium a domino |
| Coat of arms |  |
Early life
editHe was born on 11 October 1905 in Saint-Amant-Tallende, Puy-de-Dôme, to Joseph and Marie (née Laville) Villot; he was an only child. Before serving in the military until 2 August 1924, he studied for the priesthood in Riom, Clermont, and Lyon. He became a Marist novice on 7 September 1925, but left the order three months later. He then studied at the Catholic Institute of Paris and the Pontifical Athenaeum Angelicum in Rome, where he earned a licentiate in canon law and a doctorate in sacred theology in 1934 with a thesis entitled Le pape Nicolas II et le décret de 1059 sur l'élection pontificale.[1]
Priesthood
editHe was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Paris on 19 April 1930 by Archbishop Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, rector of the Institut Catholique. From 1931 to 1934, he served as secretary to Pierre-Marie Gerlier, Bishop of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. He taught at the Clermont seminary and the Catholic University in Lyon, serving as vice-rector of the latter from 1942 to 1950. At the start of 1950 he was incardinated into the Archdiocese of Lyon.
Bishop
edit.svg)
Pope Pius XII appointed Villot auxiliary bishop of Paris and titular bishop of Vinda on 2 September 1954. He received his episcopal consecration on 12 October from Cardinal Maurice Feltin, with Archbishop Emile Guerry of Cambrai and Bishop Pierre de la Chanonie of Clermont as co-consecrators.
On 17 December 1959, he was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Lyon and titular archbishop of Bosporus. He succeeded Cardinal Gerlier as Archbishop of Lyon on 17 January 1965.
During the Second Vatican Council, he served as one of several of the council's undersecretaries, where his performance impressed Pope Paul VI.[2]
Cardinal
edit| Styles of Jean-Marie Villot | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Lyon |
On 22 February 1965, he was created Cardinal-Priest of SS. Trinità al Monte Pincio by Pope Paul VI.[3]
He was named Prefect of the Congregation of the Council (later renamed the Congregation for the Clergy) on 7 April 1967. Two years later, on 2 May 1969, he was named Cardinal Secretary of State[4] as part of Pope Paul's program to internationalize the Roman Curia. Though Villot told reporters "I have long been a Roman at heart", his appointment was resented by the Italians though without public conflict.[2] Pope Paul underscored his stance by adding to Villot's portfolio in May 1969, naming him head of the Section if the Secretariat of State responsible for foreign affairs, expanding his control over broader curia by making him President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.[5]
Villot was named Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church on 16 October 1970, the first non-Italian to hold the office in half a millennium, a further testament of Pope Paul's insistence on expanding the role of non-Italians at the highest levels of the Vatican bureaucracy.[2] On 15 July 1971, he was appointed President of the newly formed Pontifical Council Cor Unum, a position he resigned on 4 September 1978, during the brief pontificate of Pope John Paul I.
Pope Paul elevated him to Cardinal Bishop of Frascati on 12 December 1974.[citation needed] Villot was present at the death of Paul VI in Castel Gandolfo on 6 August 1978.[6]
Pope John Paul I retained Villot as Secretary of State.[7] When Pope John Paul II announced that he would retain Villot as Secretary of State, he made clear the appointment was short-term but also confirmed Villot in his other positions. He noted that Villot himself had suggested that the first non-Italian pope in centuries might want an Italian as his Secretary of State.[8][9] He remained in office until his death in March 1979.[10]
Villot participated as a cardinal elector in both the August and October conclaves of 1978, which elected John Paul I and John Paul II respectively, and presided at the conclaves because he was the senior cardinal bishop in attendance. As Camerlengo he acted as the interim administrator of the Holy See in the interregnums of 1978.[2]
Death
editVillot died at age 73 from bronchial pneumonia on 9 March 1979, in his Vatican City apartment, the day he returned from a four-day hospital stay.[9] John Paul II celebrated his funeral Mass in St. Peter's Basilica on 13 March,[11] and his remains were buried in the crypt of Ss. Trinità al Monte Pincio.
References
edit- ^ Miranda, Salvador. "VILLOT, Jean (1905-1979)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
- ^ a b c d "The Vatican Official in Temporary Charge". New York Times. 8 August 1978. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Pontiff Installs 27 New Cardinals" (PDF). New York Times. 23 February 1965. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Chirografo di Paolo VI per la Nomina del Signo Cardinal Giovanni Villot all'Alta Mansione di Segretario di Stato" (in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2 May 1969. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Pope Voices Faith in Cardinal Villot". New York Times. 6 May 1969. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Election to be Held". New York Times. 7 August 1978. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Il Chirografo del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo I per la Nomina del Segretario di Stato" (in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 27 August 1978. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Lettera di Giovanni Paolo II al Cardinale Giovanni Villot per la Nomina a Segretario di Stato" (in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 24 October 1978. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ a b Hofmann, Paul (10 March 1979). "Jean Cardinal Villot Dead at 73". New York Times. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Messaggio del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II al Cardinale Agostino Casaroli" (in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1 July 1979. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ^ "Capella Papale per le Esequie del Cardinale Giovanni Villot, Omelia del Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II" (in Italian). 13 March 1979. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
Bibliography
edit- Wenger, Antoine, Le cardinal Jean Villot 1905-1979: Secretaire d'état de trois papes, Desclée de Brouwere, Paris, 1989 ISBN 2-220-03063-6
External links
edit- Catholic Hierarchy: Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot
- Miranda, Salvador. "VILLOT, Jean (1905-1979)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.