The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia[1]: 578 enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck,[2] including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve (CN X), and ansa cervicalis.[1]: 578 [2] The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein.[2]
| Carotid sheath | |
|---|---|
 Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showing the arrangement of the fascia coli. Carotid sheath is labeled in red. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | vagina carotica fasciae cervicalis |
| TA98 | A04.2.05.007 |
| TA2 | 2214 |
| FMA | 46561 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Anatomy
editOne carotid sheath is situated on each side of the neck,[3][4]: 266 extending between the base of the skull superiorly[2][4]: 266 and the thorax inferiorly.[4]: 266
Superiorly, the carotid sheath encircles the margins of the carotid canal and jugular foramen.[2]
Inferiorly, it terminates at the arch of the aorta;[2] it is continuous inferiorly with the axillary sheath at the venous angle.[3] Its inferior end occurs at the level of the first rib and sternum inferiorly (varying between the levels of C7 and T4).[citation needed]
Structure
editThe carotid sheath is a fibrous connective tissue formation surrounding several important structures of the neck.[2] It is thicker around the arteries than around the vein, allowing the vein to expand.[2][1]: 578
The three major fascial layers in the neck contribute to the carotid sheath: the investing fascia, the pretracheal fascia, and the prevertebral fascia. The carotid sheath has limited loose connective tissue.[5]
Contents
editStructures contained within the carotid sheath include the:
- common carotid artery[3][5] and internal carotid artery,[1][2]
- internal jugular vein,[3][5]
- vagus nerve (CN X)[3][6] and recurrent laryngeal nerve,[6]
- parts of glossopharyngeal (CN IX), accessory (CN XI), and hypoglossal (CN XII) cranial nerves (these cranial nerves are only present in the upper part of the carotid sheath and subsequently exit the carotid sheath),[2]
- ansa cervicalis[1]: 546, 576, 578 (usually embedded within the anterior wall of the carotid sheath anterior to the internal jugular vein;[7] the superior root of ansa cervicalis is situated either anterior to or within the carotid sheath[1]: 595 ),
- deep cervical lymph nodes[4]: 148 [8][2][1]: 593
Relations
editThe carotid sheath occurs at the level of the oropharynx.[3]
The cervical sympathetic trunk is situated posteriormedial to the carotid sheath.[2]: 551
The carotid sheath is situated at each lateral boundary of the retropharyngeal space,[3] deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.[2]: 579 [3][2]
The pharynx is situated medial to the carotid sheath, (in the suprahyoid region) the parotid gland laterally to it, in the suprahyoid region the infratemporal fossa anterior to it, and the prevertebral fascia posterior to it.[2]
Function
editThe carotid sheath acts to protect and separate the structures contained within.[2]
Clinical significance
editThe carotid sheath may act as a conduit for infections, although this is rare due to the limited connective tissue.[5]
Additional images
edit-
Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. -
Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42nd ed.). [New York]. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Garner, Darren H.; Kortz, Michael W.; Baker, Stephen (2022), "Anatomy, Head and Neck, Carotid Sheath", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30137861, retrieved 2022-12-27
- ^ a b c d e f g h Fessler, Richard G.; Kim, Daniel H. (2012-01-01), Quiñones-Hinojosa, Alfredo (ed.), "Chapter 191 - Surgical Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction", Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (Sixth Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 2177–2191, ISBN 978-1-4160-6839-6, retrieved 2021-01-12
- ^ a b c d Fehrenbach, Margaret J.; Herring, Susan W. (2017). Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck (5th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-39634-9.
- ^ a b c d Chow, Anthony W. (2015-01-01), Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (eds.), "65 - Infections of the Oral Cavity, Neck, and Head", Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Eighth Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 789–805.e2, ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3, retrieved 2021-01-12
- ^ a b Madani, M. M.; Golts, E. (2014-01-01), "Cardiovascular Anatomy", Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3, retrieved 2021-01-12
- ^ Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
- ^ "Midcervical Level". Imaging Anatomy: Ultrasound: 118–123. 2018-01-01. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-54800-7.50018-0. ISBN 9780323548007.
External links
edit- MedEd at Loyola grossanatomy/dissector/labs/h_n/pharynx/ph2_1a.html
- lesson8 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (latpharyngealitmes)
- MedicalMnemonics.com: 669
- Cross section at tufts.edu
