Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist (Savannah, Georgia)

Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist
Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist
	The Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist
Location	222 East Harris Street, Lafayette Square, Savannah, Georgia
Country	United States
Denomination	Catholic Church
Website	Savannah Cathedral Website
History
Dedicated	April 30, 1876
Architecture
Architect(s)	Ephraim Francis Baldwin
Style	French Gothic
Administration
Diocese	Savannah
Clergy
Bishop(s)	Stephen D. Parkes
Rector	J. Gerard Schreck
Deacon(s)	Dewain E. Smith
	Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist
	U.S. Historic district; Contributing property
Part of	Savannah Historic District (ID66000277)
Added to NRHP	November 13, 1966

The Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica near Lafayette Square at 222 East Harris Street, Savannah, Georgia, in the United States. It is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah.

History

The colonial charter of Savannah prohibited Roman Catholics from settling in the city, as the English trustees feared that Roman Catholics would be more loyal to the Spanish authorities in Florida than to the English government in Georgia; however, this prohibition faded shortly after the American Revolution.^[2] The church's congregation was reorganized about 1796. French Catholic émigrés established the first church after they fled Haiti in 1799, following the outbreak of slave rebellions that began on the Caribbean island in 1791.^[3]^[4] It became the main church for free blacks from Haiti in the early 19th century.^[5] Construction began on the new Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in 1873. The structure was nearly destroyed by fire in 1898 but through diligent effort was rebuilt by 1899. The Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist was the first building in Georgia constructed of brick. It features 81 stained glass windows, 16 gargoyles, is 214 feet tall with a roof height of 96 feet, took over 90,000 copper nails and 45,000 slates to construct.

The congregation constructed its first church on Liberty Square in 1779 and in 1811, chose a site on Drayton and Perry Streets for a larger building. Bishop John England of the Diocese of Charleston, which encompassed Savannah, consecrated the new church April 1, 1839. Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Savannah in July 1850. The new Cathedral was planned in 1870 under Savannah's fourth Bishop, The Right Reverend Ignatius Persico. Most Reverend James Roosevelt Bayley, Archbishop of Baltimore, presided at the dedication of the Neo-Gothic sanctuary April 30, 1876.^[6] However, the brick structure lacked spires, which were not added until 1896 when it also received a coating of stucco and whitewash.

On February 6, 1898, a fire swept the building and left only the walls and spires, however the congregation quickly rebuilt and was able to celebrate Christmas Mass in the new facility in 1899.^[7] Wind direction spared the Cathedral Rectory and St. Vincent's Academy. The renovated structure was not completed fully for an additional 13 years. Stained glass windows were installed around 1904.^[8] The parish undertook subsequent renovation projects in 1959–1965, which addressed heating, cooling and lighting systems and decoration; 1984–1985, to reinforce structural foundations and implement changes suggested by the Second Vatican Council and 1998–2000 to install new roofing, and restore the original interior color palette and decorations.^[9]