Alanine aminopeptidase

This article is about the cell membrane alanyl aminopeptidase. For the cytosolic alanine aminopeptidase, see NPEPPS.

Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) also known as alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP) or aminopeptidase N (AP-N) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANPEP gene.

ANPEP
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4FYQ, 4FYR, 4FYS, 4FYT
Identifiers
Aliases	ANPEP, APN, CD13, GP150, LAP1, P150, PEPN, alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane, AP-M, hAPN, AP-N
External IDs	OMIM: 151530; MGI: 5000466; HomoloGene: 68163; GeneCards: ANPEP; OMA:ANPEP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 15 (human) Band 15q26.1 Start 89,784,895 bp End 89,815,401 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse) Band 7|7 D2 Start 79,471,551 bp End 79,510,807 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in jejunal mucosa duodenum body of pancreas mucosa of ileum mucosa of transverse colon right lobe of liver stromal cell of endometrium gallbladder human kidney blood Top expressed in jejunum duodenum ileum crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine lactiferous gland lip right lobe of liver epithelium of stomach lacrimal gland aortic valve More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function virus receptor activity zinc ion binding metalloaminopeptidase activity hydrolase activity metal ion binding peptidase activity aminopeptidase activity metallopeptidase activity peptide binding signaling receptor activity Cellular component lysosomal membrane integral component of membrane membrane endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment external side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome extracellular space nucleus plasma membrane secretory granule membrane cytoplasm Biological process viral process peptide catabolic process proteolysis viral entry into host cell multicellular organism development cell differentiation angiogenesis neutrophil degranulation signal transduction cell-cell signaling regulation of blood pressure Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 290 16790 Ensembl ENSG00000166825 ENSMUSG00000039062 UniProt P15144 P97449 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001150 NM_001381923 NM_001381924 NM_008486 RefSeq (protein) NP_001141 NP_001368852 NP_001368853 NP_032512 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 89.78 – 89.82 Mb Chr 7: 79.47 – 79.51 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Defects in this gene appear to be a cause of various types of leukemia or lymphoma.

AAP is also used by some viruses as a receptor to which these viruses bind to and then enter cells. It is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E, feline coronavirus serotype II (FCoV-II), TGEV, PEDV, canine coronavirus genotype II (CCoV-II) as well as several Deltacoronaviruses.

Further reading

• Yeager CL, Ashmun RA, Williams RK, Cardellichio CB, Shapiro LH, Look AT, et al. (June 1992). "Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E". Nature. 357 (6377): 420–422. Bibcode:1992Natur.357..420Y. doi:10.1038/357420a0. PMC 7095410. PMID 1350662.
• Shapiro LH, Ashmun RA, Roberts WM, Look AT (June 1991). "Separate promoters control transcription of the human aminopeptidase N gene in myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (18): 11999–12007. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)99056-3. PMID 1675638.
• O'Connell PJ, Gerkis V, d'Apice AJ (March 1991). "Variable O-glycosylation of CD13 (aminopeptidase N)". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (7): 4593–4597. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)64364-2. PMID 1705556.
• Watt VM, Willard HF (October 1990). "The human aminopeptidase N gene: isolation, chromosome localization, and DNA polymorphism analysis". Human Genetics. 85 (6): 651–654. doi:10.1007/BF00193592. PMID 1977688. S2CID 19678944.
• Look AT, Peiper SC, Rebentisch MB, Ashmun RA, Roussel MF, Lemons RS, et al. (October 1986). "Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding a human myeloid membrane antigen (gp150)". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 78 (4): 914–921. doi:10.1172/JCI112680. PMC 423717. PMID 2428842.
• Look AT, Ashmun RA, Shapiro LH, Peiper SC (April 1989). "Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 83 (4): 1299–1307. doi:10.1172/JCI114015. PMC 303821. PMID 2564851.
• Olsen J, Cowell GM, Kønigshøfer E, Danielsen EM, Møller J, Laustsen L, et al. (October 1988). "Complete amino acid sequence of human intestinal aminopeptidase N as deduced from cloned cDNA". FEBS Letters. 238 (2): 307–314. Bibcode:1988FEBSL.238..307O. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80502-7. PMID 2901990.
• Kruse TA, Bolund L, Grzeschik KH, Ropers HH, Olsen J, Sjöström H, et al. (November 1988). "Assignment of the human aminopeptidase N (peptidase E) gene to chromosome 15q13-qter". FEBS Letters. 239 (2): 305–308. Bibcode:1988FEBSL.239..305K. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80940-2. PMID 2903074.
• Tokioka-Terao M, Hiwada K, Kokubu T (1985). "Purification and characterization of aminopeptidase N from human plasma". Enzyme. 32 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1159/000469453. PMID 6149934.
• Watanabe Y, Iwaki-Egawa S, Mizukoshi H, Fujimoto Y (July 1995). "Identification of an alanine aminopeptidase in human maternal serum as a membrane-bound aminopeptidase N". Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler. 376 (7): 397–400. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1995.376.7.397 (inactive 2024-11-28). PMID 7576235.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
• Favaloro EJ, Browning T, Facey D (December 1993). "CD13 (GP150; aminopeptidase-N): predominant functional activity in blood is localized to plasma and is not cell-surface associated". Experimental Hematology. 21 (13): 1695–1701. PMID 7902291.
• Núñez L, Amigo L, Rigotti A, Puglielli L, Mingrone G, Greco AV, et al. (August 1993). "Cholesterol crystallization-promoting activity of aminopeptidase-N isolated from the vesicular carrier of biliary lipids". FEBS Letters. 329 (1–2): 84–88. Bibcode:1993FEBSL.329...84N. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80199-5. PMID 8102610. S2CID 23782523.
• Söderberg C, Giugni TD, Zaia JA, Larsson S, Wahlberg JM, Möller E (November 1993). "CD13 (human aminopeptidase N) mediates human cytomegalovirus infection". Journal of Virology. 67 (11): 6576–6585. doi:10.1128/JVI.67.11.6576-6585.1993. PMC 238095. PMID 8105105.
• Kolb AF, Maile J, Heister A, Siddell SG (October 1996). "Characterization of functional domains in the human coronavirus HCV 229E receptor". The Journal of General Virology. 77 (10): 2515–2521. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-77-10-2515. PMID 8887485.
• Norén K, Hansen GH, Clausen H, Norén O, Sjöström H, Vogel LK (February 1997). "Defectively N-glycosylated and non-O-glycosylated aminopeptidase N (CD13) is normally expressed at the cell surface and has full enzymatic activity". Experimental Cell Research. 231 (1): 112–118. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.3455. PMID 9056417.
• Kolb AF, Hegyi A, Siddell SG (November 1997). "Identification of residues critical for the human coronavirus 229E receptor function of human aminopeptidase N". The Journal of General Virology. 78 (11): 2795–2802. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2795. PMID 9367365.
• Hegyi A, Kolb AF (June 1998). "Characterization of determinants involved in the feline infectious peritonitis virus receptor function of feline aminopeptidase N". The Journal of General Virology. 79 (6): 1387–1391. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-6-1387. PMID 9634079.
• Dong X, An B, Salvucci Kierstead L, Storkus WJ, Amoscato AA, Salter RD (January 2000). "Modification of the amino terminus of a class II epitope confers resistance to degradation by CD13 on dendritic cells and enhances presentation to T cells". Journal of Immunology. 164 (1): 129–135. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.129. PMID 10605003.
• Pasqualini R, Koivunen E, Kain R, Lahdenranta J, Sakamoto M, Stryhn A, et al. (February 2000). "Aminopeptidase N is a receptor for tumor-homing peptides and a target for inhibiting angiogenesis". Cancer Research. 60 (3): 722–727. PMC 4469333. PMID 10676659.
• Renold A, Cescato R, Beuret N, Vogel LK, Wahlberg JM, Brown JL, et al. (March 2000). "Basolateral sorting signals differ in their ability to redirect apical proteins to the basolateral cell surface". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (13): 9290–9295. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.13.9290. PMID 10734069.

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M01.001 Archived 2019-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
• CD13+Antigens at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human ANPEP genome location and ANPEP gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.