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Kells (/ˈkɛlz/; Irish: Ceanannas)[a] is a town in County Meath, Ireland. The town lies off the M3 motorway, 16 km (10 mi) from Navan and 65 km (40 mi) from Dublin. Along with other towns in County Meath, it is within the commuter belt for Dublin,[3][4][5] and had a population of 6,608 as of the 2022 census.[2] It is best known as the site of Kells Abbey, from which the Book of Kells takes its name. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.[6]
Kells
Ceanannas | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 St Columba's Church of Ireland, Kells | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Áineas Éireann "The delight of Ireland" | |
  Kells Location in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°43′38″N 6°52′37″W / 53.7272°N 6.8769°W | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Meath |
| Barony | Upper Kells |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.8 km2 (1.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 66 m (217 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 6,608 |
| • Density | 2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi) |
| Eircode routing key | A82 |
| Telephone area code | +353(0)46 |
| Irish Grid Reference | N738759 |
Name
editThe settlement was originally known by the Irish name Cenannus, later Ceannanas or Ceannanus, and it is suggested that the name "Kells" developed from this.[6][7] An early name for a dún or fort at the settlement was Cúil Sibrille, this fort probably being located in the centre of present-day Kells.[7] From the 12th century onward, the settlement was referred to in English and Anglo-Norman as Kenenus, Kenelles, Kenles, Kenlis, Kellis and finally Kells.[6] It has also been suggested that Kenlis and Kells come from an alternative Irish name, Ceann Lios (meaning 'Head Fort'). Kells, Kenlis and Headfort all feature in the titles taken by the Taylor family.
In 1929, Ceanannas Mór became the town's official name in both Irish and English.[6] Following the creation of the Irish Free State, a number of towns were renamed likewise. Ceanannas has been the official Irish-language form of the place name since 1969.[6] In 1993, Kells was re-adopted as the town's official name in English.[8]
History
edit
Before Kells was a monastery, it was the site of a royal site inhabited by the High King Cormac mac Airt who moved his residence from the Hill of Tara,[citation needed] for what reasons scholars are yet not sure.
Kells was an important place on one of the five ancient roads that came out of Tara – this road being named Slí nan nAssail and which ran from Tara to Rathcrogan, another royal site, in County Roscommon.[citation needed]
About 560 AD, Colmcille (later known as Columba) – a prince of the royal house of the Northern Uí Néill family – acquired Kells in recompense of a fault acted against him by his cousin the High King Diarmuid MacCarroll, who granted him the Dún of Ceannanus to establish a Monastery.[citation needed]
The present monastery at Kells is thought to have been founded around 804 AD by monks from St Colmcille's monastery in Iona who were fleeing Viking invasions.[citation needed]
In 1152, the Synod of Kells completed the transition of the Colmcille's establishment from a monastic church to a diocesan church.[citation needed] A later synod reduced the status of Kells to that of a parish. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, Hugh de Lacy was granted the Lordship of Meath in 1182. The religious establishments at Kells continued to flourish under their Anglo-Norman overlords. In the fifteenth century the parish of St. Columba's was granted to the Archdeacon of Meath and his successors.
Kells became a border town garrison of the Pale and was the scene of many battles between the Kingdom of Breifne and the Hiberno-Normans (who had heavily intermarried). From 1561 to 1801, the constituency of Kells returned two MPs to the Irish House of Commons. During the Irish rebellion of 1641, Kells was burned by the O'Reilly clan during their attacks on the Pale.[citation needed]
The period of the Great Famine saw the population of Kells drop by 38% as measured by the census records of 1841 and 1851.[citation needed] The Workhouse and the Fever Hospital were described as full to overflowing.[citation needed]
Places of interest
editThe Kells monastic site, including the Kells Round Tower, is associated with St Colmcille (also known as Columba), the Book of Kells, now kept at Trinity College Dublin, and the Kells Crozier, exhibited at the British Museum. The round tower and five large Celtic crosses can still be viewed today. Four of the crosses are in the churchyard of St Columba's Church. The other Celtic cross was positioned in the middle of a busy crossroads until an accident involving a school bus. It now stands in front of a former courthouse. A roof protects the cross from the elements. A replica also stands safe from the elements inside the museum.[citation needed]
Close by the graveyard of St. Columba's church stands a small stone roofed oratory, known as St. Colmcille's House. This probably dates from the 11th century. Access to the monks' sleeping accommodation aloft is by ladder. This small rectangular building is positioned at one of the highest points in the town.[citation needed]
Just outside the town of Kells on the road to Oldcastle is the hill of Lloyd, named after Thomas Lloyd of Enniskillen, who camped a large Williamite army here during the wars of 1688–91 against the Jacobites. Here also stands a 30m high building called the Spire of Lloyd, which is an 18th-century lighthouse folly. The area around the tower has been developed as a community park (the People's Park), and includes the Paupers' Grave. Mass is celebrated there annually, and the cemetery is a reminder of the workhouse and extreme poverty engendered by changes in farming practice in the 19th century and during the Great Famine.[citation needed]
Population
editThe population of Kells town, as of the 2022 census of Ireland, was 6,608.[2] In the period between the 1996 and 2022 census, the population almost doubled.[9]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1813 | 3,344 | — |
| 1821 | 3,618 | +8.2% |
| 1831 | 4,326 | +19.6% |
| 1841 | 4,205 | −2.8% |
| 1851 | 3,660 | −13.0% |
| 1861 | 3,224 | −11.9% |
| 1871 | 2,953 | −8.4% |
| 1881 | 2,822 | −4.4% |
| 1891 | 2,427 | −14.0% |
| 1901 | 2,428 | +0.0% |
| 1911 | 2,395 | −1.4% |
| 1926 | 2,196 | −8.3% |
| 1936 | 2,304 | +4.9% |
| 1946 | 2,143 | −7.0% |
| 1951 | 2,125 | −0.8% |
| 1956 | 2,162 | +1.7% |
| 1961 | 2,193 | +1.4% |
| 1966 | 2,274 | +3.7% |
| 1971 | 2,653 | +16.7% |
| 1981 | 3,663 | +38.1% |
| 1986 | 2,683 | −26.8% |
| 1991 | 3,539 | +31.9% |
| 1996 | 3,542 | +0.1% |
| 2002 | 4,321 | +22.0% |
| 2006 | 5,248 | +21.5% |
| 2011 | 5,888 | +12.2% |
| 2016 | 6,135 | +4.2% |
| 2022 | 6,608 | +7.7% |
| CSO.ie and Histpop.org.[b] | ||
Transport
editRoads
editUntil the opening of the new motorway in June 2010, Kells stood as a busy junction town on the old N3 road with over 18,000 vehicles passing through the town each day. Kells was a renowned traffic bottleneck from both the N3 national primary route (Dublin, Cavan, Enniskillen and Ballyshannon) and N52 national secondary route (Dundalk, Tullamore and Nenagh) passing through the town centre. The new M3 motorway (opened June 2010) significantly reduces the journey time to Dublin[citation needed], as well as the numbers of vehicles in the town.
Bus
editKells is served by a regular bus service run by Bus Éireann, the 109, 109A and 109X, which takes about 1.5 hours to Busáras in Dublin. In October 2022 Bus Éireann's Dundalk to Ardee route 167 was extended to Mullingar via Kells. There are several services daily in each direction.[10]
Railway
editThe original Kells railway station, located on the Oldcastle branch line between Oldcastle and Drogheda via Navan, opened on 11 July 1853. It was closed for passenger traffic on 14 April 1958 and finally for all traffic on 1 April 1963.[11]
"Meath on Track" are seeking reinstatement of the Navan railway link, and on to Dublin.[citation needed]
Film
editThe Butcher Boy was filmed at Headfort House. Other films set in Kells include the Oscar-nominated animated film The Secret of Kells.
The Hollywood actress Maureen O'Hara was a native of Kells. Her father Charles came from the town, although Maureen grew up in Dublin. Charles was born in a house at the bottom of Farrell Street in the town, a building that now houses a supermarket, carpet shop and apartments. She visited the town on 26 May 2012 to receive the freedom of the town and to unveil a bust in her honour.[citation needed]
Events
editSince 2014, Kells has been home to the documentary film festival, the "Guth Gafa International Documentary Film Festival".[12]
Hay Festival Kells was home to Ireland's only Hay Festival,[clarification needed] which then transmuted into the current Hinterlands festival.[citation needed]
Education
editSt. Ciaran's Community School Kells, Navan Road, Kells is a mixed secondary school in Kells which first opened in September 1988 and has around 640 students in attendance. It was first formed by the amalgamation of the Christian Brothers Secondary School and Kells Vocational School.[13]
Eureka secondary school Kells, Navan Road, Kells was first opened by Sisters of Mercy secondary education for girls in Kells in classrooms attached to the Convent in 1924. The school moved to a site at Eureka House in 1956[14] where it was situated until 2019 before moving to the newly built school campus on Cavan Road.[15]
St. Colmcille's Boys National school is an all-boys school on the Navan Road, first opened by the Christian Brothers on 20 January 1845. The present school was opened in 1976 and the Brothers, because of a fall-off in vocations, withdrew from the school in 1985.[16]
Music
editSongwriters from the area include Jim Connell (b.1852 in Crossakiel) who wrote the Socialist anthem "The Red Flag", and Dick Farrelly (1916–1990), who wrote the "Isle of Innisfree". Other musicians from Kells include Mícheál Ó Domhnaill (1951–2006), who was a member of The Bothy Band, Relativity, and Nightnoise, and Eamon Carr (b.1948), who is the drummer in the band Horslips.[citation needed] Irish indie rock bands Ham Sandwich and Turn are also associated with Kells.[citation needed]
Notable people
edit- Thomas Betagh (1737–1811), Jesuit priest and educationist was born and bred in Kells.
- Alice Stopford Green (1847–1929), Irish historian and nationalist.
- Damien McGrane (born 1971), professional golfer is a Kells man.
- Denis Hurley, rugby player, was born and bred in Kells.
- Myles Dungan, broadcaster, historian and journalist is from Kells.
- Xabi Alonso, Spanish World Cup winning footballer spent time here learning English in a school exchange programme when he was a teenager[17]
- Ray Butler, Fine Gael politician
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ For most of the 20th century the town's official name was Ceanannas Mór. In the late 20th century the town reverted to the more widely known English version of its name, Kells, and dropped Mór from the Irish version of the name.
- ^ For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see Lee, J. J. (1981). "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J.M.; Clarkson, L.A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy and Society. p. 54. and Mokyr, Joel; Ó Gráda, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850". The Economic History Review. New Series. 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.2307/2596554. hdl:10197/1406. JSTOR 2596554.
Sources
edit- ^ "Population Density and Area Size 2016". Central Statistics Office (Ireland). Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ a b c "Census 2022 - F1015 Population". Central Statistics Office Census 2022 Reports. Central Statistics Office Ireland. August 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ "Commuters living in misery". Irish Independent. Independent News & Media. 2 September 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ "Shoots of recovery yet to emerge for commuter-belt families seeking help". Irish Independent. Independent News & Media. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ "Co Meath house prices: Dublin commuting — Kells, Trim and Ashbourne". The Sunday Times. 13 January 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e See archival records at "Ceanannas/Kells". Placenames Database of Ireland.
- ^ a b Simms, Anngret; Simms, Katharine (1990). Irish Historic Towns Atlas, No. 4: Kells. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. p. 1.
- ^ Local Government (Change of Name of Urban District) Order 1993 (S.I. No. 156 of 1993). Signed on 15 June 1993 by Taoiseach, Albert Reynolds. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
- ^ "Kells (Ireland) Agglomeration". City Population. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ "New Mullingar to Dundalk bus route starts on Sunday". Westmeath Examiner.
- ^ "Kells station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
- ^ "Guth Gafa". International Documentary Festival.
- ^ "History | Facilities". St Ciaran's Community School. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "History of Eureka". Eureka Secondary School. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "History of Eureka".
- ^ "St. Colmcilles School, Kells, Meath". St. Colmcilles School, Kells, Meath. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Kells recalls the summer a future World Cup winner came to stay". Meath Chronicle. 15 July 2010.
External links
edit
- Kellsonline.ie, News & Event Guide to Kells
- VisitingKells, Tourist Information on Kells