The Cebuano numbers are the system of number names used in Cebuano to express quantities and other information related to numbers. Cebuano has two number systems: the native system and the Spanish-derived system. The native system is mostly used for counting small numbers, basic measurement, and for other pre-existing native concepts that deals with numbers. Meanwhile, the Spanish-derived system is mainly used for concepts that only existed post-colonially such as counting large numbers, currency, solar time, and advanced mathematics.
History
editUnlike other Philippine languages, the native number system of Cebuano was derived solely from the non-human forms of Proto-Austronesian numerals instead of a combination of both human and non-human numerals, such as in Tagalog and Hiligaynon.[1] The numbers were first recorded by chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during Magellan's expedition.[2]
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
uzza | dua | tolo | upat | lima | onom | pitto | gualu | ciam | polo |
Types
editThe native numbers are categorized into four types: cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and multiplicative (also referred to as "viceral" or "adverbial").[3] The multiples of ten are formed by attaching the circumfix "ka-ø-an" (e.g. kawaloan). Those that are within the 20-60 range undergo the process of metathesis and syncope (e.g. katloan, from katuloan).
Cardinal
editNumber | Native | Spanish-derived |
---|---|---|
1 | usá | uno |
2 | duhá | dos |
3 | tuló | tres |
4 | upát | kwatro |
5 | limá | singku |
6 | unóm | says |
7 | pitó | syete, siti |
8 | waló | otso |
9 | siyám | nuybi |
10 | napulò, pulò | dyis |
11 | napúlog usá | onse |
12 | napúlog duhá | dose |
13 | napúlog tuló | trese |
14 | napúlog upát | katórse |
15 | napúlog limá | kinse |
16 | napúlog unóm | diyesiséys, disisays |
17 | napúlog pitó | diyesisiyete, disisiti |
18 | napúlog waló | diyesiyotso, disiutsu |
19 | napúlog siyám | diyesinwebe, disinuybi |
20 | kaluháan (kaduháan) | beynte, baynti |
21 | kaluháag usá | beyntiwuno, bayntiuno |
22 | kaluháag duhá | beyntidos, bayntidus |
23 | kaluháag tuló | beyntitres, bayntitris |
24 | kaluháag upát | beyntikwatro, bayntikwatru |
25 | kaluháag limá | beyntisingko, bayntisingku |
30 | katlóan (katulóan) | treynta, traynta, trinta |
40 | kap-atan (kaupátan) | kwarénta, kwarinta |
50 | kalím-an (kalimáan) | sinkwénta, singkwinta |
60 | kan-óman (kaunóman) | sesenta, sisinta |
70 | kapitóan | seténta, sitinta |
80 | kawalóan | otsénta, utsinta |
90 | kasiyáman | nobénta |
100 | usá ka gatós | siyén, siyento |
200 | duhá ka gatós | dosiyéntos, dosentos |
300 | tuló ka gatós | tresiyéntos, tresentos |
400 | upát ka gatós | kwatrosiyéntos, kwatrosentos |
500 | limá ka gatós | kiniyéntos, kinyentos |
1,000 | usá ka libo, libo | mil |
5,000 | limá ka libo | singko mil |
10,000 | usá ka laksà, napulò ka libo | dyis mil |
50,000 | limá ka laksà, kalím-an ka libo | singkwenta mil |
100,000 | usá ka yaba,[4] usá ka gatós ka líbo | siyén mil |
1,000,000 | usá ka yukót[5] | milyón |
1,000,000,000 | usá ka wakát | bilyón (US-influence, common), mil milyones (rare) |
Like other Visayan languages, cardinal numbers are linked to the noun with the ligature ka.
usá ka tawo a/one person kaluhaan ug usá ka bulan twenty-one months
Ordinal
editOrdinal numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ika- prefix, except una.
Number | Cebuano |
---|---|
1st | kina-unhán |
2nd | ikaduhá |
3rd | ikatuló |
4th | ikaupát |
5th | ikalimá |
6th | ikaunóm |
7th | ikapitó |
8th | ikawaló |
9th | ikasiyám |
10th | ikanapulò, ikapulò |
11th | ikanapúlog-usá |
20th | ikakaluháan |
21st | ikakaluháag-usá |
25th | ikakaluháag-limá |
30th | ikakatlóan |
40th | ikakap-atan |
50th | ikakalím-an |
60th | ikakan-óman |
70th | ikakapitóan |
80th | ikakawalóan |
90th | ikakasiyáman |
100th | ikagatós |
200th | ikaduhá ka gatós |
500th | ikalimá ka gatós |
1,000th | ikalibo |
5,000th | ikalimá ka libo |
10,000th | ikalaksà, ikanapulò ka libo |
50,000th | ikalimá ka laksà, ikakalím-an ka libo |
100,000th | ikayaba |
1,000,000th | ikayukót |
1,000,000,000th | ikawakát |
Distributive
editDistributive numbers in Cebuano are formed by attaching the tag- prefix to the numerical root. Irregular words may be formed depending on the number being attached to.
Number | Cebuano |
---|---|
1 | tagsa |
2 | tagurha |
3 | tagutlo, tag-tulo |
4 | tag-upat |
5 | tagilma |
6 | tag-unom |
7 | tagpito |
8 | tagwalo |
9 | tagsiyam |
10 | tagnapulò, tagpulò |
11 | tagnapúlog-usá |
20 | tagkaluháan |
21 | tagkaluháag-usá |
25 | tagkaluháag-limá |
30 | tagkatlóan |
40 | tagkap-atan |
50 | tagkalím-an |
60 | tagkan-óman |
70 | tagkapitóan |
80 | tagkawalóan |
90 | tagkasiyáman |
100 | taggatós |
200 | tagurha ka gatós |
500 | tagilma ka gatós |
1,000 | taglibo |
5,000 | tagilma ka libo |
10,000 | taglaksà, tagnapulò ka libo |
50,000 | tagilma ka laksà, tagkalím-an ka libo |
100,000 | tagyaba |
1,000,000 | tagyukót |
1,000,000,000 | tagwakát |
Multiplicative
editMultiplicative (or viceral) numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ka- prefix. The prefixes "naka-" and "maka-" may also be used to specify if the number is used in the nasugdan or pagasugdan aspect, respectively.
Number | Cebuano |
---|---|
1 (once) | kausá, kás-a |
2 (twice) | kaduhá |
3 (thrice) | katuló |
4 | kaupát |
5 | kalimá |
6 | kaunóm |
7 | kapitó |
8 | kawaló |
9 | kasiyám |
10 | kanapulò, kapulò |
11 | kanapúlog-usá |
20 | kakaluháan |
21 | kakaluháag-usá |
25 | kakaluháag-limá |
30 | kakatlóan |
40 | kakap-atan |
50 | kakalím-an |
60 | kakan-óman |
70 | kakapitóan |
80 | kakawalóan |
90 | kakasiyáman |
100 | kagatós |
200 | kaduhá ka gatós |
500 | kalimá ka gatós |
1,000 | kalibo |
5,000 | kalimá ka libo |
10,000 | kalaksà, kanapulò ka libo |
50,000 | kalimá ka laksà, kakalím-an ka libo |
100,000 | kayaba |
1,000,000 | kayukót |
1,000,000,000 | kawakát |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Blust, R. A. (2009). The Austronesian languages (PDF) (Revised ed.). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. p. 278. ISBN 9780858836020.
- ^ Pigafetta, Antonio (1894). Il Primo Viaggio Intorno al Globo di Antonio Pigafetta, e le Sue Regole sull'Arte del Navigare; Giraloamo Benzoni e la Sua Historia del Mondo Nuovo (in Italian). p. 83.
- ^ Encina, Francisco (1801). "Chapter 24". Arte de la lengua zebuana (in Spanish and Cebuano). p. 569.
- ^ Encarnación, Juan Félix (1885). Diccionario bisaya español [Texto impreso] (in Spanish and Cebuano). p. 428.
- ^ San Jerónimo, Tomás (1686). Arte de la lengua visaya (in Spanish). p. 174.