This is a list of the Celestial Masters, leaders of Zhengyi Dao, continuing Wudoumi Dao (Way of the Five Pecks of Rice).[1] After the death of the 64th Celestial Master Zhang Yuanxian in 2008, controversy arose over the legitimate succession, with different descendants claiming to be the rightful 65th Celestial Master, including Zhang Jintao and three other claimants in China mainland; and Zhang Yijiang and Zhang Meiliang in Taiwan. Another Taiwanese master, Zhang Daochen, claims to be the legitimate 64th Celestial Master, as, according to him, Zhang Yuanxian wasn't.[2] In English the Celestial Master was also known as the "Taoist pontiff".[3]
| Number | Name | Chinese | Dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zhang Daoling | 张道陵 | 2nd century CE |
| 2 | Zhang Heng | 张衡 | ?-179 |
| 3 | Zhang Lu | 张鲁 | ?-215 |
| 4 | Zhang Sheng | 张盛 | |
| 5 | Zhang Zhaocheng | 张昭成 | |
| 6 | Zhang Jiao | 张椒 | |
| 7 | Zhang Hui | 张回 | |
| 8 | Zhang Jiong | 张迥 | |
| 9 | Zhang Fu | 张符 | |
| 10 | Zhang Zixiang | 张子祥 | ca. 600 |
| 11 | Zhang Tongxuan | 张通玄 | |
| 12 | Zhang Heng | 张恒 | |
| 13 | Zhang Guang | 张光 | |
| 14 | Zhang Cizheng | 张慈正 | |
| 15 | Zhang Gao | 张高 | ca. 735 |
| 16 | Zhang Yingshao | 张应韶 | |
| 17 | Zhang Yi | 张颐 | |
| 18 | Zhang Shiyuan | 张士元 | |
| 19 | Zhang Xiu | 张修 | |
| 20 | Zhang Chen | 张谌 | |
| 21 | Zhang Bingyi | 张秉一 | |
| 22 | Zhang Shan | 张善 | |
| 23 | Zhang Jiwen | 张季文 | |
| 24 | Zhang Zhengsui | 张正随 | fl. 1015 |
| 25 | Zhang Qianyao | 张干曜 | |
| 26 | Zhang Sizong | 张嗣宗 | |
| 27 | Zhang Xiangzhong | 张象中 | |
| 28 | Zhang Dunfu | 张敦复 | fl. 1077 |
| 29 | Zhang Jingduan | 张景瑞 | 1049?-1100? |
| 30 | Zhang Jixian | 张继先 | 1092–1126 |
| 31 | Zhang Shixiu | 张时修 | |
| 32 | Zhang Shouzhen | 张守真 | ?-1176 |
| 33 | Zhang Jingyuan | 张景渊 | |
| 34 | Zhang Qingxian | 张庆先 | |
| 35 | Zhang Keda | 张可大 | 1218-63 |
| 36 | Zhang Zongyan | 张宗演 | 1244-91 |
| 37 | Zhang Yudi | 张与棣 | ?-1294 |
| 38 | Zhang Yucai[4] | 张与材 | ?-1316 |
| 39 | Zhang Sicheng[5] | 张嗣成 | ?-1344? |
| 40 | Zhang Side | 张嗣德 | ?-1353 |
| 41 | Zhang Zhengyan | 张正言 | ?-1359 |
| 42 | Zhang Zhengchang (Awarded the title of 正一嗣教眞人[6][7][8]) | 张正常 | 1335-78 |
| 43 | Zhang Yuchu | 张宇初 | 1361–1410 |
| 44 | Zhang Yuqing | 张宇清 | 1364–1427 |
| 45 | Zhang Maocheng | 张懋丞 | |
| 46 | Zhang Yuanji | 张元吉 | |
| 47 | Zhang Xuanqing | 张原庆 | |
| 48 | Zhang Yanpian | 张彦页 | 1480–1550 |
| 49 | Zhang Yongxu | 张永绪 | ?-1566 |
| 50 | Zhang Guoxiang | 张国祥 | ?-1611 |
| 51 | Zhang Xianyong | 张显庸 | |
| 52 | Zhang Yingjing | 张应京 | |
| 53 | Zhang Hongren | 张洪任 | |
| 54 | Zhang Jizong | 张继宗 | ?-1716 |
| 55 | Zhang Xilin | 张锡麟 | ?-1727 |
| 56 | Zhang Yulong | 张遇隆 | ?-1752 |
| 57 | Zhang Cunyi | 张存义 | ?-1779 |
| 58 | Zhang Qilong | 张起隆 | ?-1798 |
| 59 | Zhang Yu | 张钰 | |
| 60 | Zhang Peiyuan | 张培源 | ?-1859 |
| 61 | Zhang Renzheng | 张仁政 | 1841–1903 |
| 62 | Zhang Yuanxu | 张元旭 | 1862–1924 |
| 63 | Zhang Enpu | 张恩溥 | 1904–1969 |
| 64 | Zhāng Yuanxian | 張源先 | 1971–2008 |
Notes
edit- ^ Kleeman, Terry. "Tianshi Dao," in Encyclopedia of Taoism, Fabrizio Pregadio, ed., (London: Routledge, 2008), 983.
- ^ The China Post: Who’s going to be the 65th Taoist pope?
- ^ Victor Purcell (3 June 2010). The Boxer Uprising: A Background Study. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-0-521-14812-2.
- ^ Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vol.set): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). BRILL. 8 December 2014. pp. 1035–. ISBN 978-90-04-27164-7.
- ^ Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vol.set): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). BRILL. 8 December 2014. pp. 1035–. ISBN 978-90-04-27164-7.
- ^ H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013). Present Day Political Organization of China. Routledge. pp. 494–. ISBN 978-1-135-79795-9.
- ^ "P.494-5. Present Day Political Organization of China". Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
- ^ "Present day political organization of China".
External links
edit- The Taoist Association of Celestial Master Chang Website of 65th Celestial Master (claimant)