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Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

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The Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (CANWFZ) treaty is a legally binding commitment by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan not to manufacture, acquire, test, or possess nuclear weapons. The treaty was signed on 8 September 2006 at Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan, and is also known as Treaty of Semipalatinsk, Treaty of Semei, or Treaty of Semey.

Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
Participation in the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty as of November 2008
  Signed and ratified
Typenuclear disarmament
Signed8 September 2006
Effective21 March 2009
Parties5

The treaty was ratified by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan,[1] Turkmenistan[2] Tajikistan[3] and Kazakhstan, and entered into force 21 March 2009.[4]

History

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     Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones      NW states      Nuclear sharing      NPT only

Steps towards the establishment of such a zone began with the Almaty Declaration[5] in 1992. A resolution calling for the establishment of such a zone was adopted by consensus by the United Nations General Assembly in 1997[6] and reaffirmed in 2000.[7]

Mindful of the lack of support by the nuclear powers for a similar Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, the five permanent members of the Security Council were involved in the negotiations.

While Russia and China approved of the treaty, United States, France and United Kingdom objected to a clause which stated that the Treaty would not affect the rights and obligations of the signatories under previous international agreements because of the already existent Tashkent Treaty which involved Russia.[8]

The United States also objected on principle to establishment of any zone disturbing "existing security arrangements to the detriment of regional and international security or otherwise abridg[ing] the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense guaranteed in the UN charter".[9]

The United States also objected to possibility that Iran could apply to join the Treaty, so this provision was removed.[8]

The United States, United Kingdom, and France were finally concerned about the possibility that the Treaty could forbid the transit of nuclear weapons through the territory.[8]

In spite of attempts by United States, United Kingdom, and France to block the Treaty, it was finally signed in September 2006, although they voted against the General Assembly Resolution which welcomed the signing of the treaty in December 2006.[10]

All five Permanent Members of the Security Council (also the five NPT nuclear weapons states) signed the Protocol to the treaty on May 6, 2014, which provides legally binding assurances not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against CANWFZ Treaty parties.[11][12]

As of May 2016 all Permanent Members of the Security Council except the United States have ratified the protocols.[13]

List of parties

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State Signed Deposited
  Kazakhstan Sep 8, 2006 Nov 26, 2008
  Kyrgyzstan Sep 8, 2006 Mar 22, 2007
  Tajikistan Sep 8, 2006 Nov 12, 2008
  Turkmenistan Sep 8, 2006 Apr 19, 2008
  Uzbekistan Sep 8, 2006 Apr 2, 2007

Protocol

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State Signed Deposited
  China May 6, 2014 Aug 17, 2015
  France May 6, 2014 Nov 17, 2014
  Russia May 6, 2014 Jun 22, 2015
  United Kingdom May 6, 2014 Jan 30, 2015
  United States May 6, 2014

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Peter Crail and Daryl G. Kimball (November 2007). "Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (NWFZ) At a Glance". Arms Control Association.
  2. ^ "The Central Asian Nwfz Initiative" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2007.
  3. ^ "Parliament ratifies CANWFZ treaty, endorse external borrowing program". asiaplus.tj. Archived from the original on 2017-04-19. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
  4. ^ "Nuclear | the Earth Times | Encyclopaedia".[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "Almaty Declaration 28 February 1997". 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  6. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 52 Resolution 38. A/RES/52/38 page 29. 9 December 1997. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  7. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 55 Resolution 33. A/RES/55/33 page 39. 20 December 2000. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  8. ^ a b c Scott Parrish and William Potter (5 September 2006). "Central Asian States Establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Despite U.S. Opposition". James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies.
  9. ^ "Remarks of U. S. Delegation to the Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Conference Tashkent, Uzbekistan". The Nuclear Threat Initiative. 15 September 1997. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  10. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 61 Verbotim Report 67. A/61/PV.67 page 29. 6 December 2006 at 15:00. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  11. ^ "Technical Difficulties". 2009-2017.state.gov.
  12. ^ "A New Step Forward to Greater Regional and Global Security". 2014-05-13.
  13. ^ "Disarmament Treaties Database: Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia (CANWFZ)".

Sources

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