The Chilean dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia), also known as the Black dolphin, is one of four dolphins in the genus Cephalorhynchus. The dolphin is found only off the coast of Chile; it is commonly referred to in the country as tonina.[4]
| Chilean dolphin Temporal range: Holocene[1]
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| Chilean dolphins around Isla Gordon | |
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| Size compared to an average human | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Infraorder: | Cetacea |
| Family: | Delphinidae |
| Genus: | Cephalorhynchus |
| Species: | C. eutropia
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| Binomial name | |
| Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray, 1846
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| Chilean dolphin range | |
Physical description
editThe Chilean dolphin is small at around 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in) in length, with a blunt head. These characteristics often make for its incorrect identification as a porpoise. This dolphin is thickly shaped with its girth up to two-thirds its length. The dorsal fin and flippers are small in proportion to body size in comparison with other dolphins. The throat, underside, and the closest part of the flippers to the body are white. The remainder of the body is a mix of greys. It has 28–34 pairs of teeth in the upper jaw and 29–33 in the lower.
The Chilean dolphin is normally sighted in small groups of around two to ten individuals, with some larger gatherings occasionally sighted.
Longevity, gestation, and lactation periods are not known, but are believed to be similar in length to the more studied, and similar, Hector's and Commerson's dolphins which have a gestation period of about 10 months to one year and maximum longevity of 20 years.
Population and distribution
editThe population of the Chilean dolphin, perhaps one of the least studied of all cetaceans, is not known with certainty. There may be as many as a few thousand individuals, although at least one researcher, Steve Leatherwood, has suggested the population may be much lower (see also [1] for a survey of South American cetacean population with data on the Chilean dolphin). Whatever its number, the Chilean dolphin is endemic to the coast of Chile and thought not to migrate. The dolphin is seen over a wider interval of latitudes than other Cephalorhynchus species — from Valparaíso at 33°S to Cape Horn at 55°S. Larger groups of 20-50 are found in the northern areas of its habitat, including reports of a 15 mile-long pod [5]. However, the majority of the Chilean dolphins population is found in the southern regions. The species prefers shallow water regions and more specifically areas near rivers and high tides. The close association with riverine and estuarine ecosystems makes Chilean dolphins extremely vulnerable to habitat loss both from coastal and upstream river basin degradation. The limited distribution and relatively inflexible habits of cultural degradation makes them particularly vulnerable to fragmentation and population loss in the face of increasing human activities in the far flung regions of the world.
Reproduction
editLittle is known about the reproduction of the Chilean dolphin. They mate in the early winter and females give birth to their offspring in the spring. Female dolphins usually have one calf every two years. Calves reach full maturity between ages 5 and 9 years [6]
Conservation
editThe Chilean dolphin is listed on Appendix II[7] Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II[7] as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organized by tailored agreements.[8]
Name
editIn the early part of the 20th century, the Chilean dolphin was commonly known as the black dolphin. This was later agreed to be a poor choice of name. Most of the few individual specimens studied by scientists were either washed-up individuals whose skin had darkened due to exposure to air or live specimens seen at sea but only at a distance (and so appeared darker than they were). As more specimens were studied, it became clear that the back of the dolphin was in fact a mixture of grey colours and that its underside was white. The scientific community is now universally agreed in naming the dolphin Chilean on account of its distribution along the coast of the country.
Pictures
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See also
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References
edit- ^ "Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray 1846 (dolphin)". PBDB.
- ^ Heinrich, S.; Reeves, R. (2017). "Cephalorhynchus eutropia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T4160A50351955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T4160A50351955.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Chilean Dolphin Archived 18 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Spanish site promoting conservation and awareness of this species.
- ^ "Chilean Dolphins ~ MarineBio Conservation Society". Retrieved 24 November 2024.
- ^ Fan, Bob. "Cephalorhynchus eutropia (black dolphin)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Appendix II Archived 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
- ^ "Convention on Migratory Species page on the Chilean dolphin". Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
Ribeiro, S., Viddi, F. A., Cordeiro, J. K., & Freitas, T. R. O. (2007). Fine-scale habitat selection of Chilean dolphins (cephalorhynchus eutropia): Interactions with aquaculture activities in southern chiloe island, chile. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87(1), 119–128. doi:10.1017/S0025315407051594
- National Audubon Society: Guide to Marine Mammals of the World ISBN 0-375-41141-0
- Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals ISBN 0-12-551340-2
External links
edit- Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society
- yaqu pacha - Organization for the Conservation of South American Aquatic Mammals
- ^ Viddi, Francisco A.; Harcourt, Robert G.; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo (20 March 2015). "Identifying key habitats for the conservation of Chilean dolphins in the fjords of southern Chile". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 26 (3): 506–516. doi:10.1002/aqc.2553. ISSN 1052-7613.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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