List of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia chapters
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (ΦΜΑ) is an American collegiate social fraternity for men with a special interest in music.[1] The chapter is the basic unit of organization in Phi Mu Alpha. The designation of chapter has been given to at least three different kinds of organization over the history of the fraternity: collegiate, alumni, and professional. The only form currently in use, the collegiate chapter, is defined as an organization at a college, university, or school of music that has been granted a charter by the fraternity.[2] There are currently 251 active collegiate chapters spread across 38 provinces in the United States, and 450 chapters have been chartered in total over the history of the organization.[citation needed]
Alumni chapters existed between 1966 and 1976, after which they were designated as professional chapters by the 1976 National Assembly at the University of Evansville.[3] Professional chapters, notable for being able to initiate brothers, lasted from the creation of an experimental chapter in Washington, D.C. in 1974 until the final two professional chapters dissolved in the 1985-1988 triennium.[4] During the 1997 National Assembly in Cincinnati, Ohio, the fraternity returned to the idea of an organizational space for alumni engagement by establishing alumni associations.[5] The fraternity currently has 24 alumni associations spread over nineteen provinces.[citation needed]
Formation and closure
editChapters are formed by the granting of charters to petitioning groups at qualified institutions of higher education.[2] The only basic qualification for an institution to house a chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia is that it offers a four-year degree in music.[6] Before receiving a charter, petitioning groups must seek recognition as a colony, which is the designation given to a developing chapter. After being recognized as a colony, the petitioning group must complete the fraternity's Colony Program, which consists of numerous activities designed to help the group organize itself as an effective and viable branch of the fraternity.[6] After completing all aspects of the fraternity's Colony Program, a colony may be approved by the Commission on Standards to receive a chapter charter.[6]
Chapter charters may be recalled by the Commission on Standards for operational or disciplinary reasons, either placing the chapter on inactive status[7] or by expelling the chapter by revoking its charter[8] respectively. Inactive chapters may be reactivated through the Colony Program,[6] but groups at institutions that formerly housed chapters of Sinfonia that were expelled or had their charter revoked must wait no less than seven years before recolonizing.[8]
Oldest chapters
editThe Alpha chapter, founded in 1898 at the New England Conservatory of Music as the Sinfonia Club, was active until 1977.[9] It experienced a brief revival from 1991 to 1995,[9] but closed once more and has remained inactive.[citation needed] The Delta chapter at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York was chartered on January 28, 1901, and remained continuously active for 123 years until being suspended in 2024.[9]
Five chapters have passed the 100-year milestone: the Zeta chapter at the University of Missouri (chartered 1907),[10] the Iota chapter at Northwestern University (chartered 1910),[10] the Mu chapter at the University of Oklahoma (chartered 1912),[11] the Alpha Theta chapter at Miami University (chartered 1923) and the Alpha Zeta chapter at Penn State University(chartered 1923).[12] The Zeta Chapter is the oldest continually active chapter.
Naming conventions
editLike those of many other Greek-letter fraternities, chapters of Phi Mu Alpha have names consisting of either one or two Greek letters. The names are issued in alphabetical order according to the dates on which the chapters are chartered. For instance, Alpha is the name given to the founding chapter, followed by Beta for the second chapter, then Gamma, and so on. Once the Greek alphabet had been exhausted by using single letters, two-letter names began to be issued, starting with Alpha Beta, then Alpha Gamma, then Alpha Delta, etc.
Names using the same two Greek letters, such as Alpha Alpha, Beta Beta, Gamma Gamma, etc., were not used. Also, in the first cycle of chapter naming, letters that came before the first letter of a chapter's name in the Greek alphabet were not used for the second letter. Thus, after Alpha Omega the next name issued was Beta Gamma, not Beta Alpha. Likewise, after Beta Omega, the next name issued was Gamma Delta; Gamma Alpha, and Gamma Beta were not used. Using this system, 300 names could be generated, but due to the fraternity's rapid expansion in the mid-20th century all of the possible names were exhausted in 1969. Beginning in that year (after the last name possible under the old system, Psi Omega, was issued), the fraternity began to issue unused two-letter names beginning with Beta Alpha. However, names with two identical Greek letters were still not used. Without using such repeated-letter names, there is a total of 576 possible one- and two-letter names, of which 444 have been issued to date. The only exception to the repeated-letter chapter name rule is Alpha Alpha. However, Alpha Alpha is not an actual collegiate chapter, but is instead the chapter designation used when initiating men as National Honorary members.
Colony names take one of two forms. If a chapter was previously chartered at an institution, then a colony that is later recognized at that institution is given the name of the chapter that was originally there. Upon the colony's successful completion of the colony program, the original chapter is reactivated and the original charter document (if it still exists) is reissued along with a separate Certificate of Reactivation. If there has never been a chapter at an institution, then a colony there is issued a name consisting of the state where the institution is located followed by a single Greek letter to distinguish it from any other colonies in the state (e.g., Texas Gamma, Ohio Beta, etc.). Upon the colony's successful completion of the colony program, a new chapter is installed and a charter with the next chapter name in sequence is issued.
Naming anomalies
editThe fraternity has not always held to a strictly alphabetical naming scheme. Gamma and Zeta were reissued in the early days of the fraternity, while Mu Epsilon and Mu Kappa were never issued and will likely never be based on how far they are out of sequence. The founding order of some chapters does not strictly align to their names due to a period of rapid expansion in the 1950s and 1960s, where up to ten chapters were chartered in a single week.
Naming anomalies also have occurred at the chapter level. Following a merger of the Cincinnati College of Music and the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, their respective chapters Eta and Omicron combined to form Eta-Omicron; to date this is the only chapter that uses a hyphen in its name. Three institutions (Grambling State University, McNeese State University, and Texas Southern University) have each had two chapters with different names; the first chapter chartered at the institution was expelled and the later petitioning group requested that a new chapter be installed instead of the expelled chapter being reactivated.[13]
Chapters
editPhi Mu Alpha Sinfonia has chartered 453 collegiate chapters in its history, of which 250 are currently active. The following table contains a comprehensive listing of all 453 collegiate chapters in the order that they were chartered. Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters and institutions are in italics.
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Gamma and Zeta were each assigned twice in the early days of the fraternity. The terms "Old" and "New" were used for differentiation purposes in fraternity publications of that era.
- ^ a b c Eta-Omicron was formed by the merger of Eta and Omicron when their sheltering institutions merged in 1955.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n This chapter was expelled
- ^ The chapter closed when the school merged with the University of Missouri–Kansas City.
- ^ a b c d e f Colonies at Grambling State University, McNeese State University, and Texas Southern University petitioned for and received new chapter designations to distance themselves from the events that lead to the expulsions of the original chapters at those institutions.
- ^ a b Chapter closed when the college closed.
- ^ Chapter closed when the college became Lake Highland Prep in 1970.
References
edit- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, "National Constitution", 2012 revision. Retrieved 5 September 2015. Article IV Section 1.
- ^ T. Jervis Underwood. Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia: A Centennial History 2nd ed. Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 2005. 6.6-6.7. Underwood's Centennial History is organized by section and the pagination reflects this, with this information being found on the 6th and 7th pages of section 6.
- ^ Underwood 2005, 6.19-6.20.
- ^ Underwood 2005, 8.16-8.17
- ^ a b c d Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, "Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Colony Program Overview". Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, "National Bylaws, Title 1. National", 2012 Revision. Retrieved 5 September 2015. Article II Section 3.
- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, National Bylaws, Title 1. National. Article XVIII Section 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g Underwood 2005, A.1
- ^ a b c d e f Underwood 2005, A.3.
- ^ a b c d e Underwood 2005, A.4.
- ^ https://aspace.libraries.psu.edu/repositories/3/resources/644 [bare URL]
- ^ Citation Report Forms. Archived 2011-05-27 at the Wayback Machine sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
- ^ "Organizations - IC Engage". Ithaca College. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
- ^ a b c d e Underwood 2005, A.2.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Theta initiation taking place on April 2, 2005. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Xi initiation on August 18, 1997. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Underwood 2005, A.5
- ^ Membership records show the first new Tau initiation on November 10, 1999. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVII Issue 2, May 2009. p. 29. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Phi initiation on November 9, 2001. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Underwood 2005, A.6.
- ^ a b c d e f g Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, "Colony Documents." Retrieved 14 September 2017. The colony page currently lists 11 colonies; however, Alabama Alpha (Alabama State University), Maryland Beta (Towson University), Mississippi Alpha (Mississippi College), and Pennsylvania Alpha (Millersville University) have finished the colonization process, leaving 7. See their chapter citations.
- ^ Rechartering date of December 13, 2015, announced on the fraternity's official Facebook page on November 29, 2015. Accessed December 13, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Underwood 2005, A.7.
- ^ The 1981–1983 range is not cited by Underwood. However, membership records have listed 17 men initiated in this year's range at Alpha Epsilon. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Ryan T. Ripperton, "Chapter Expelled for Hazing"[permanent dead link ], 20 February 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Underwood 2005, A.8.
- ^ a b "Fall 2013 Reactivations/Installations – Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia". 16 October 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled on September 4, 2007. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled between January 24th and January 30, 2002. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Russell Jones, "Pittsburg State University Department of Music Student Handbook", Fall 2010. p. 14. Retrieved 5 September 2015. The date of the recharter is listed as November 4, 2001.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Underwood 2005, A.9.
- ^ a b c d e f g Underwood 2005, A.10.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Beta Sigma initiation on December 11, 2003. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LXI Issue 1, December 2012. p. 30. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Underwood 2005, A.11.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 31, 2011. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Underwood 2005, A.12.
- ^ Underwood cites 1940–1988, but this appears to be an error, as membership records only show 36 men initiated into Gamma Nu, with the last initiation taking place on April 1, 1946. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the last initiation carried out at Gamma Omicron chapter occurred on April 19, 1997. Records Accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.13.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on June 8, 2002. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LIX Issue 2, May 2011. p. 29. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Delta Eta initiation on April 20, 2002. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.15.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on June 10, 2011. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.16.
- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, "The Red and Black" Vol XXXI No 4, March/April 2014. Page 11. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Epsilon Rho initiation on November 19, 1994. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Epsilon Sigma Chapter, "About Us" Archived 2015-09-26 at the Wayback Machine, Fall 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Zeta Eta chapter initiation on April 8, 2006. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.17.
- ^ The 2001–2004 range is indicated in the membership records, with the first 2001 initiation happening on April 28, 2001. All existing brothers from this chapter moved to alumni status or were expelled on May 6, 2004. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Sinfonica" Vol 1 No 2, Zeta Rho Chapter, 25 January 2006. Matthew Richardson, editor. Places rechartering date on December 8, 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Underwood 2005, A.18.
- ^ Membership records show the first new Zeta Mu initiation taking place on March 1, 2007. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ The Hartt School, "Academic Groups", University of Hartford. Retrieved 5 September 2015. Indicates a rechartering date of 2002.
- ^ Membership records indicate 30 brothers initiated between January 25, 1992, and April 28, 1996, with all remaining active brothers being moved to alumni status or expelled on September 1, 1996. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 12, 2002. The chapter resumed on May 26, 2005, with a new initiation. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled on March 1, 1995.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.19.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on August 6, 1991. The chapter resumed with an initiation taking place on April 9, 2000. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LXI Issue 2, May 2013. p. 32. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Grace Toohey, "University of Maryland recharters Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine, The Diamondback, 3 May 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Romy Ellenbogen, "UF fraternity disbanded after hazing allegations", The Independent Florida Alligator, 1 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ "Phi Mu Alpha reactivated at Mississippi College", Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 25 May 2017. Accessed 14 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Underwood 2005, A.20.
- ^ Rory Behrens, "History" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Theta Nu Chapter. Retrieved 5 September 2015. The rechartering date is listed as December 5, 1999.
- ^ a b c d Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LIX Issue 1, December 2010. p. 29. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on June 9, 2001. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Underwood 2005, A.21.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on October 6, 1994. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on April 6, 2011. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 12, 2002. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 1, 2000. Records accessed 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LXII Issue 1, December 2013. p. 30. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Underwood 2005, A.22.
- ^ Membership records show a new Kappa Omicron initiation taking place on May 6, 2006. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled on November 3, 1998. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show a new Kappa Rho initiation on April 11, 2015. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.23.
- ^ Rechartering date of April 3, 2016, announced on the fraternity's official Facebook page on March 22, 2016. Official event here. Accessed 3 April 2016.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 15, 2000. The chapter resumed on May 4, 2002. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 1, 1999. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the final initiation taking place on October 30, 2012, and all of the chapter brothers moved to alumni or were expelled on October 24, 2012. This indicates that the fraternity planned to close the chapter but allowed it to finish its final probationary class. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on May 1, 1997. The first initiation of the rechartered Lambda Pi chapter occurred on April 6, 2002. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 1, 2000. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Underwood 2005, A.24.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 15, 2013. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on April 12, 1998. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Underwood 2005, A.25.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Nu Omicron chapter occurred on November 19, 1994. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Nu Psi chapter occurred on March 25, 2000. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Xi Pi chapter was no longer listed as active on the National Directory as of September 2015. The remaining chapter members' statuses were updated last on June 2, 2015. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first installation of the rechartered Xi Tau chapter occurred on November 30, 2001. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Underwood 2005, A.26.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on November 1, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Pi Rho chapter occurred on November 22, 1997. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.27.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on August 12, 2009. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Pi Chi chapter occurred on April 18, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Rho Upsilon chapter occurred on December 2, 2000. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.28.
- ^ "Phi Mu Alpha Reactivated at Towson University", Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 12 April 2017. Accessed 28 April 2017.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on August 27, 1999. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Underwood 2005, A.29.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on September 15, 2010. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Rechartering date of November 14, 2015, announced on the fraternity's official Facebook page on November 9, 2015. Accessed 11 Dec, 2015
- ^ Ryan Ripperton, "Chapter Expelled for Hazing",[dead link ] Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 12 May 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Phi Mu Alpha Reactivated at Alabama State University", Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 25 May 2017. Accessed 22 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Underwood 2005, A.30.
- ^ a b c Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVIII Issue 1, December 2009. p. 29.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Zeta Alpha chapter occurred on May 10, 2000, indicating the date of recharter. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the final member of the chapter moved to alumni status in 2014. Records accessed 23 December 2016.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Zeta Gamma chapter occurred on November 16, 1997. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Underwood 2005, A.31.
- ^ a b c Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVIII Issue 2, May 2010. p. 29. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 15, 1998. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Ryan T. Ripperton, "Theta Gamma Chapter Expelled for Hazing",[dead link ] 31 December 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Theta Gamma chapter occurred on November 14, 2004, indicating the beginning of the 2004–2006 period. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Theta Eta Chapter, "Theta Eta Wright State University" Archived 2015-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, GIN Systems. Retrieved 6 September 2015. Indicates recharter date of December 4, 2014.
- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LX Issue 1, December 2011. p. 29. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Iota Gamma chapter occurred on October 30, 2002. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.32.
- ^ Membership records show the last Kappa Beta initiation on November 19, 2005. The one brother who was initiated immediately moved to alumni status; all other brothers were moved to alumni status or were expelled before that. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show a Kappa Delta initiation on February 16, 2001, indicating the start of the 2001–2004 period. All remaining chapter members were moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 22, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Kappa Zeta chapter occurred on November 5, 1997. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Underwood 2005, A.33.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on September 1, 1993. The chapter resumed with an initiation on March 14, 1998. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Underwood 2005, A.34.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on September 1, 1992. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Mu Beta chapter occurred on November 13, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Underwood 2005, A.35.
- ^ Membership records show all members expelled or moved to alumni status on March 4, 2003. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first initiation of the rechartered Nu Eta chapter occurred on February 27, 1998. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d Underwood 2005, A.36.
- ^ a b c d e f g Underwood 2005, A.37.
- ^ a b c d Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LX Issue 2, May 2012. p. 29. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Xi Zeta Chapter". My Sinfonia. Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Underwood 2005, A.38.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on March 15, 2000. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Underwood 2005, A.39.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled on March 4, 2003. All members were once again either expelled or moved to alumni status on April 22, 2013. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show only 16 brothers initiated, all in 1996. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or expelled on March 6, 2002. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ HBCU Reporters, "Omicron Kappa of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Chapter's Charter Revoked, Clark Atlanta University", HBCU Buzz, 5 July 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Underwood 2005, A.40.
- ^ Membership records show remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on January 12, 2002. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Beta chapter initiation was on November 1, 2001. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Pi Gamma Chapter [@BCUPhiMuAlpha] (4 December 2013). "On Saturday Dec. 4 1999 the Pi Gamma Chapter of Phi Mu Alpha was born" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Delta initiation on April 8, 2000. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the remaining members moved to alumni status or were expelled on November 1, 2003. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Pi Zeta Chapter, "Welcome!" Archived 2015-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Lindenwood University OrgSync. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Department of Fine & Performing Arts, "Current Music Student Resources" Archived 2015-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Morgan State University. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Theta initiation taking place on April 19, 2002. All remaining members were expelled or moved to alumni status on April 16, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Iota initiation on February 9, 2003. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Kappa chapter initiation was on April 19, 2003. All remaining members were moved to alumni status or expelled on August 12, 2009.
- ^ Membership records show the first Pi Lambda chapter initiation was on April 24, 2004. The remaining members were moved to alumni or expelled on April 21, 2011. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Office nf Student Leadership and Engagement, "Chapters", University of Tampa. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Ryan Ripperton, "Jackson State Chapter Expulsion Overturned",[dead link ] Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 11 October 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Pi Xi Chapter, "About Us" Archived 2015-09-27 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first Pi Omicron chapter initiation took place on November 13, 2004. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first Rho Alpha chapter initiation was on November 28, 2004. All remaining members were moved to alumni status or expelled on March 2, 2014. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first Rho Beta initiation took place on April 14, 2006. The remaining members were expelled or moved to alumni status on January 27, 2014. Some remain suspended. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show that the first Rho Gamma initiation took place on April 15, 2006. Records accessed 6 September 2015
- ^ Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LV Issue 2, May 2007. p. 29. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVI Issue 1, December 2007. p. 27.
- ^ a b Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVI Issue 2, May 2008. p. 27. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ a b c Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, The Sinfonian Volume LVII Issue 1, December 2008. p. 29. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the majority of the chapter moved to alumni status or expelled on October 15, 2009. Some others were later expelled after working through the disciplinary process. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the remaining chapter members either moved to alumni status or were expelled on May 1, 2011. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Membership records show the first Sigma Mu initiation on October 26, 2014. Records accessed 6 September 2015.
- ^ Chartering date announced on the fraternity's official Facebook page on November 28, 2015. Accessed 11 December 2015.
- ^ "Phi Mu Alpha Charters at Millersville University", Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 21 April 2017. Accessed 28 April 2017.
Bibliography
edit- Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. "National Constitution and Bylaws." 2012 revision. Accessed 5 September 2015.
- Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. "Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity Colony Program Overview." Accessed 5 September 2015.
- Underwood, T. Jervis. Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia: A Centennial History, 2nd ed. Edited by David R. Irving. Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, 2005.