C. R. Makepeace & Company, established in 1889, was a nationally active firm of mill architects based in Providence, Rhode Island. It was dissolved in 1944.
Charles R. Makepeace
editFounder Charles R. Makepeace was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina on May 20, 1860. He attended Duke University, then known as Trinity College, but left without graduating in 1880. He then worked on a number of cotton mills in Randolph County, before eventually making his way to Rhode Island.[1] He first practiced as a member of D. M. Thompson & Company in Providence. When David M. Thompson left the partnership to manage mills for B. B. & R. Knight, Makepeace formed a new partnership, Hall & Makepeace, with established architect Clifton A. Hall. This lasted from 1884 to 1886. Hall was prominent as both a designer of industrial buildings as well as those that normally made up an architect's practice.
In 1886 Makepeace left, and opened his own office.[2] He established C. R. Makepeace & Company in 1889.[3] Circa 1892 he made his designer, Charles A. M. Praray, a partner.[4] He added new associates when Praray left in 1898. Makepeace's son, the MIT-trained C. Salisbury Makepeace, joined the office in 1916, upon graduating.[5] Makepeace was an active member of Central Congregational Church in Providence.[6] Makepeace was a member of the Providence common council from the second ward from 1904 to 1910.[7]
Later history
editAfter Makepeace's death in 1926, the company was presumably managed by C. Salisbury Makepeace. Henry A. McClean purchased the firm in 1928, and managed it until 1944, when it was dissolved. McClean died in West Warwick in 1950.[8] C. Salisbury Makepeace died in August 1949.[9]
Charles A. M. Praray
editCharles Praray first emerges as the chief designer and construction engineer of the Makepeace firm, and was made a partner circa 1892.[4] As designer, in 1894, he patented what was known as "Praray's Improved Construction", a system of mill construction which separated the structure of the roof and floors of a mill from that of the walls, allowing much more daylight to enter the building. Visually, Praray's design may be most noted for its unusual window patterns, which emerge from the brick piers in a zig-zag pattern.[10] Only five of these mills have been documented as being built, but Chas. A. M. Praray & Company touted it in advertisements for many years. Prior to its demolition around 2014, the Selma Cotton Mill of 1896 in Alabama was the best-preserved example of Praray's mill design.[11] The only surviving example with walls intact is one of the Holt mills in Haw River, North Carolina.
Praray has also been identified as the designer of Makepeace & Co.'s Petersburg Silk Mills in Scranton, Pennsylvania, designed in 1897. He prepared "several sets" of designs, one of which was likely to be a Praray's Improved Construction design. However, this was rejected in favor of a conventional design.[12]
In 1898 Praray left to establish his own office, Chas. A. M. Praray & Company, with William Whittam, Jr. The firm had two offices, one at Providence, and one at Charlotte, North Carolina, managed by Whittam. The partnership existed until about 1909. Praray then took his son, Charles W. Praray, into partnership, as C. A. M. Praray & Son. He died in 1910.[13]
Projects
editCharles R. Makepeace, 1886-1889
edit- 1888 - Anderson Cotton Mill, 354 Railroad Cir, Anderson, South Carolina[14]
- Standing in ruins.
C. R. Makepeace & Company, 1889-1944
edit- 1890 - Galveston Cotton and Woolen Mills, Winnie & 41st Sts, Galveston, Texas[15]
- Demolished in 1969.
- 1890 - Kearney Cotton Mill, Cottonmill Rd, Kearney, Nebraska
- Ultimately demolished after never making a profit.
- 1890 - Overland Cotton Mill, 1314 W Evans Ave, Denver, Colorado[16]
- 1891 - Mitchell Manufacturing Company Mill, 215 Cleghorn St, Fitchburg, Massachusetts[17]
- A project of A. Mitchell, Jr. & Sons of Glasgow, Scotland. Also an unlocated Providence mill.
- 1892 - Monument Mill No. 1, Front St, Housatonic, Massachusetts[18]
- 1894 - River Spinning Mills, Villanova St, Woonsocket, Rhode Island
- Burned in 2003.[19]
- 1895 - Dixie Cotton Mill, 710 Greenville St, LaGrange, Georgia[20]
- The first mill utilizing Praray's patented design, though the distinctive windows have been removed.[13]
- 1895 - Stonewall Cotton Mills, Erwin Rd, Stonewall, Mississippi[21]
- Demolished.
- 1895 - Whitman Mills, Riverside Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[22]
- 1896 - Selma Cotton Mills, 218 Morgan Ave, Selma, Alabama[23]
- Prior to its 2014 demolition, this was the best extant example of Praray's system.[11]
- 1897 - Georgia Western Cotton Mill, 6398 E Broad St, Douglasville, Georgia[13]
- A Praray mill, burned in 2012.[24]
- 1897 - Petersburg Silk Mills, 800 James Ave, Scranton, Pennsylvania[12]
- 1898 - Cora Mill, Gravel St, Haw River, North Carolina[25]
- The last of Praray's patented mills, and the only one to retain its unusual shape.
- 1899 - Aragon Mill, Taylorsville Rd, Aragon, Georgia[26]
- Burned.
- 1899 - Edenton Cotton Mill, 723 E King St Ext, Edenton, North Carolina[27]
- 1901 - Lowe Mill, 2211 Seminole Dr SW, Huntsville, Alabama[28]
- 1902 - Arcadia Mill No. 1, 1875 Hayne St, Spartanburg, South Carolina[29]
- 1902 - Brogan Mill, 500 Glenn St, Anderson, South Carolina[30]
- Demolished.
- 1902 - Lincoln Cotton Mill, 1401 Park St, Evansville, Indiana[31]
- Demolished.
- 1903 - Manomet Mill No. 1, 194 Riverside Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[32]
- 1905 - Wanskuck Mill No. 2, 711 Branch Ave, Wanskuck, Rhode Island[33]
- 1905 - Whitinsville Spinning Ring Company Mill No. 2, 34 Douglas Rd, Whitinsville, Massachusetts[34]
- 1906 - Minterburn Mill, 215 E Main St, Rockville, Connecticut[35]
- 1906 - Nonquitt Spinning Mill No. 1, 630 Belleville Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[36]
- 1906 - Swift Spinning Mills, 6801 Flat Rock Rd, Columbus, Georgia[37]
- Burned in 2011.
- 1906 - Taber Mills, 217 Deane St, New Bedford, Massachusetts[38]
- 1907 - Manomet Mill No. 2, 200 Riverside Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[39]
- 1909 - Nashawena Mills, 689 Belleville Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[40]
- 1909 - Nonquitt Spinning Mill No. 2, 700 Belleville Ave, New Bedford, Massachusetts[41]
- 1909 - Utica Fine Yarn/Spinning Mill, 2214 Whitesboro St, Utica, New York[42]
- 1910 - Kilburn Mill No. 2, 89 Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, Massachusetts[43]
- 1911 - Crown Manufacturing Company Mill, 330 Turner St, Attleboro, Massachusetts[44][45]
- 1912 - American Silk Spinning Mill No. 2, 10 Admiral St, Providence, Rhode Island[46]
- 1912 - Chalmers Knitting Mills, 21-41 Bridge St, Amsterdam, New York[47]
- The four-story section. Demolished in 2011.
- 1912 - United Lace and Braid Company Factory, 530 Wellington Ave, Cranston, Rhode Island[48]
- The two-story section. Makepeace was a director of the company.
- 1915 - Australian Knitting Mills, 41-43 Stewart St, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia[49]
- 1915 - William Barnet & Son Mill, 20 Forbes Ave, Rensselaer, New York[50]
- The large reinforced concrete section. Presently the Hilton Center for the Arts.
- 1915 - South Cotton Storehouse, 1 Chestnut St, Nashua Manufacturing Company, Nashua, New Hampshire[51]
- A predecessor to the larger Belleville Warehouse.
- 1916 - Belleville Warehouse, King St, New Bedford, Massachusetts[52]
- 1916 - Chalmers Knitting Mills Addition, 21-41 Bridge St, Amsterdam, New York[53]
- The seven-story section. Demolished in 2011.
- 1916 - Crown Manufacturing Company Main Mill, 330 Turner St, Attleboro, Massachusetts[54]
- 1917 - United Lace and Braid Company Factory Addition, 530 Wellington Ave, Cranston, Rhode Island[55]
- The three-story section.
- 1918 - Arlington Mills Repair Shop, 6 Lake St, Lawrence, Massachusetts[56]
- 1919 - Bleachery Addition, 12 Technology Way, Nashua Manufacturing Co., Nashua, New Hampshire[57]
- 1920 - Joseph P. Allen, Inc., Mill, 2 Main St, Dixfield, Maine[58]
- Demolished.
- 1922 - Arkwright-Interlaken Mills, 538 Main St, Arkwright, Rhode Island[59]
- 1927 - Jewelers' Supply Company Building, 1144 Eddy St, Providence, Rhode Island[60]
- 1933 - Greenville Finishing Company Addition, 711 Putnam Pk, Greenville, Rhode Island[61]
- 1935 - Arkwright-Interlaken Mills Addition, 538 Main St, Arkwright, Rhode Island[62]
- 1936 - Ward Building and Laundry, 7 Fleming Rd, Rhode Island State Infirmary, Howard, Rhode Island[63]
- 1938 - Arkwright-Interlaken Mills Addition, 538 Main St, Arkwright, Rhode Island[64]
- 1939 - Greenville Finishing Company Addition, 711 Putnam Pk, Greenville, Rhode Island[65]
- 1942 - United States Rubbert Plant Expansion, 500 Wood St, Bristol, Rhode Island[66]
Gallery
edit-
Overland Cotton Mill, Denver, 1890. -
Monument Mill No. 1, Housatonic, 1892. -
Dixie Cotton Mill, LaGrange, 1895. -
Selma Cotton Mill, Selma, 1896. -
Lowe Mill, Huntsville, 1901. -
Arcadia Mill No. 1, Spartanburg, 1902. -
Manomet Mill No. 1, New Bedford, 1903. -
Wanskuck Mill No. 2 (at right), Wanskuck, 1905. -
Minterburn Mill, Rockville, 1906. -
Nashawena Mills, New Bedford, 1909. -
Nonquitt Mill No. 2, New Bedford, 1909. -
Chalmers Knitting Mills, Amsterdam, 1912 and 1916.
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References
edit- ^ Edenton Cotton Mill Historic District NRHP Nomination. 1999.
- ^ Jordy, William H. and Christopher P. Monkhouse. Buildings on Paper: Rhode Island Architectural Drawings, 1825-1945. 1982.
- ^ American Elite and Sociologist Bluebook. Ed. Thomas William Herringshaw. Chicago: American Blue Book, 1922.
- ^ a b Fibre and Fabric 19 March 1898: 52. Boston.
- ^ Technology Review Nov. 1916: 969. Cambridge.
- ^ "Historical manual of the Central Congregational Church, Providence, R.I. 1852-1902". Internet Archive. 1902.
- ^ Providence City Manual (Providence: City of Providence, 1917)
- ^ Engineering News-Record 14 Sept. 1950: 67. New York.
- ^ Phillips Bulletin Winter 1950: 22. Andover, MA.
- ^ Kidder, Frank E. The Architect's and Builder's Pocket-Book. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1908.
- ^ a b Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AL-184, "Selma Cotton Mill, 218 Morgan Avenue, Selma, Dallas County, AL", 25 photos, 3 photo caption pages
- ^ a b Textile America: Silk and Silk Fabrics 27 Nov. 1897: 26. New York.
- ^ a b c Davidson, Lisa Pfueller. "Through the Mill: Documenting the Southern Textile Industry". Historic American Engineering Record 2000. U. S. Department of the Interior.
- ^ Building 3 Nov. 1888: 3. New York.
- ^ Fox, Stephen. Galveston Architecture Guidebook. Houston: Rice University Press, 1996.
- ^ Overland Cotton Mill NRHP Nomination. 2001.
- ^ American Machinist 23 April 1891: 10. New York.
- ^ "GBR.B". mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
- ^ Bellerose, Robert R. Images of America: Woonsocket Revisited. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2004.
- ^ Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. GA-99, "Dixie Cotton Mill, 710 Greenville Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA"
- ^ Engineering News 31 Oct. 1895: 145. New York.
- ^ "The Whitman Mills". Fibre and Fabric 29 June 1895: 219. Boston.
- ^ American Manufacturer and Iron World 27 March 1896: 449. Pittsburgh.
- ^ Barker, John. "Cotton Mill Destroyed by Fire". http://patch.com/georgia/douglasville/. 12 May 2012.
- ^ American Wool and Cotton Reporter 28 July 1898: 19. New York.
- ^ Engineering News 19 Jan. 1899: 23. New York.
- ^ Edenton Cotton Mill Historic District NRHP Nomination. 1998.
- ^ Electrical World and Engineer 11 May 1901: 786. New York.
- ^ Engineering Record 2 Aug. 1902: 119. New York.
- ^ American Wool and Cotton Reporter 18 Sept. 1902: 1223. Boston.
- ^ Engineering News 7 Aug. 1902: 51. New York.
- ^ "NBE.AW". mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 25 Nov. 1905: 18. Boston.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 15 April 1905: 12. Boston.
- ^ Street Railway Journal 1906: 38.
- ^ "NBE.631". mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 15 Dec. 1906: 22. Boston.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 24 Nov. 1906: 13. Boston.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 28 Dec. 1907: 10. Boston.
- ^ Fibre and Fabric 10 July 1909: 10. Boston.
- ^ "NBE.632". mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
- ^ "Fine Yarn Co". Fibre and Fabric 21 May 1910: 5. Boston.
- ^ American Wool and Cotton Reporter 17 March 1910: 380. Boston.
- ^ "ATT.543". mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n.d.
- ^ American Wool and Cotton Reporter 1 June 1922: 84. Boston.
- ^ Oriental Mills NRHP Nomination. 2005.
- ^ Engineering News 25 July 1912: 66. New York.
- ^ "United Lace and Braid Co.'s New Factory". Shoe and Leather Reporter 30 Jan. 1913: 20. Boston.
- ^ Engineering Record 6 Nov. 1915: 187. New York.
- ^ Engineering and Contracting 7 April 1915: 58. Chicago.
- ^ Engineering and Contracting 5 May 1915: 45. Chicago.
- ^ "One Story of Reinforced Concrete Building Half Acre in Area Built Every Five Days". Engineering News-Record 31 May 1917: 438.
- ^ Engineering News 6 July 1916: 10. New York.
- ^ Textile World Journal 12 Aug. 1916: 46. New York.
- ^ Engineering News 15 March 1917: 131. New York.
- ^ Bridgemen's Magazine June 1918: 327. Indianapolis.
- ^ "Nashua Manufacturing Co. Dyehouse". Textile World Journal 11 Jan. 1919: 437. New York.
- ^ American Contractor 9 Oct. 1920: 46. Chicago.
- ^ Textile World 24 June 1922: 69. New York.
- ^ American Machinist 8 Dec. 1927: 922h. New York.
- ^ Bridgemen's Magazine 1933: 358. Indianapolis
- ^ Bridgemen's Magazine 1935: 294. Indianapolis
- ^ Engineering News-Record 18 June 1936: 38. New York.
- ^ Engineering News-Record 18 Aug. 1938: 49. New York.
- ^ Steel 1939: 16. New York.
- ^ Engineering News-Record 3 Sept. 1942: 22. New York.