Charles Louis Fleischmann (November 3, 1835 – December 10, 1897) was a Jewish Hungarian-American manufacturer of yeast who founded Fleischmann Yeast Company.
Charles Louis Fleischmann | |
|---|---|
 1902 illustration of Fleischmann | |
| Born | November 3, 1835 |
| Died | December 10, 1897 (aged 62) |
| Known for | Founding Fleischmann Yeast Company |
| Spouse | Henriette Robertson |
| Children | 3, including Julius |
| Relatives | Christian R. Holmes II (grandson), Elizabeth Holmes (third great-great-granddaughter) |
In the late 1860s, he and his brother Maximilian created America’s first commercially produced yeast, which revolutionized baking in a way that made today's mass production and consumption of bread possible.
Life and work
editA native of Jägerndorf (Czech: Krnov), Moravian Silesia, Charles Fleischmann was the son of Alois (or Abraham) Fleischmann, a Jewish distiller and yeast maker, and Babette.[1] He was educated in Budapest, Hungary, Vienna, and Prague. He was Hungarian and married the Russian Henriette Robertson in New York.[2] He then managed a distillery in Vienna, where he produced spirits and yeast. In 1865, Fleischmann came to the United States, and was disappointed in the quality of locally baked bread in the Cincinnati, Ohio, region. The brothers, along with another business partner named James Gaff, founded what became the Fleischmann Yeast Company in Riverside, Cincinnati, in 1868.[3]
In 1876, they exhibited a Model Vienna Bakery at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, which brought international publicity and sales exposure to the fledgling company, and yeast sales dramatically increased. Eventually, Fleischmann would own 14 manufacturing facilities.[4] Charles' son Max commuted to New York headquarters from his home in Santa Barbara, California, by private railcar.[5]
The company still exists today as a St. Louis-based producer of yeast and other products. The Fleischmann Yeast Company eventually became the world's leading yeast producer and the second largest in the production of vinegar. It was also a commercial producer of gin, under the Fleischmann brand name. When prohibition interfered with liquor sales, the Fleischmanns developed a new market for yeast, investigating its possible health benefits for skin and digestion, and promoting it as a good source of vitamins. They hired the J. Walter Thompson Company, who created a health food fad for yeast cakes.[6]
Charles Fleischmann is responsible for numerous mechanical patents involving yeast production machinery. He helped to organize the Market National Bank and became its president from 1887 until his death in 1897. He was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in a mausoleum based on the Parthenon.[7] His son, Julius Fleischmann, later served as the mayor of Cincinnati.
Legacy
editCharles Fleischmann was inducted into the American Society of Baking’s Baking Hall of Fame on March 3, 2008, at the society's annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois.
Fleischmann's son, Julius Augustus Fleischmann (June 8, 1871 – February 5, 1925) was an American businessman, the long-time president of Fleischmann's Yeast, and a former mayor of Cincinnati. The bon vivant, sailor, and sportsman was the youngest mayor by the year 1900 and later served three times as a delegate to the Republican National Convention.[8]
Fleischmann's grandson, Julius Fleischmann, Jr. (1900–1968) was among other things a philanthropist who founded World Art, Inc. (directed by Serge Denham), an organization devoted to sponsoring cultural organizations. In 1937, World Art financed the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, which launched its first season in 1938.[9]
Fleischmann's great-great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth Holmes is an American fraudster and former businesswoman who founded Theranos, a failed and fraudulent blood-testing Silicon Valley startup.[10][11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hamburger, Susan (2000). "Fleischmann, Charles Louis : American National Biography Online". oxfordindex.oup.com. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1000563. Retrieved Jul 19, 2019.
- ^ "montecito journal – Vol 2 Issue 2 : Moguls & Mansions: Major Max C. Fleischmann". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ Klieger, P. Christiaan. The Fleischmann Yeast Family. Chicago: Arcadia Books. 2004
- ^ "Morgan Mergers". Time. 1929. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
But also announced last week was a Morgan-managed merger of Fleischmann Co., Royal Baking Powder Co., and E. W. Gillett, Ltd.... No transportation problem existed in 1868 when Charles and Maximilian Fleischmann, immigrants from Austria-Hungary, and James Gaff of Cincinnati, founded Gaff, Fleischmann & Co. at Riverside, Ohio. Their first great forward step was made in 1876 when they exhibited a Model Vienna Bakery at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. From the fame of this exhibit came an increased demand for Fleischmann's yeast. Soon there was a Fleischmann plant on Long Island, then another at Peekskill, N.Y. Guiding spirit of the early Fleischmann company was Charles Fleischmann, who died in 1897. It was under the leadership (1897–1925) of the late Julius Fleischmann that the company went through its major expansion period. Following his death, his brother, Major Max C. Fleischmann, stepped to the front.
- ^ Klieger, Ibid
- ^ Price C (Fall 2015). "The healing power of compressed yeast". Distillations Magazine. 1 (3): 17–23. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^ Rolfes, Steven (2012). Cincinnati Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 9780738593951. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
- ^ "Julius Fleischmann", Wikipedia, 2022-03-08, retrieved 2022-04-26
- ^ "JULIUS FLEISCHMANN DIES PLAYING POLO IN TOURNEY AT MIAMI; Head of Yeast Firm, Stricken in Saddle, Dismounts and Falls Dead of Heart Disease. TEAMMATES RUSH TO HIM But Reach His Side Too Late to Aid -- Body to Be Sent North in Private Car. TWICE MAYOR OF CINCINNATI Financier, Philanthropist, Sportsman, Had Lived in New York in Recent Years. FLEISCHMANN DIES AT POLO IN MIAMI". The New York Times. 1925-02-06. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ^ Spector, Barbara (March 25, 2019). "What family businesses can learn from Theranos". Family Business. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- ^ Carreyrou, John (2018). Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-5247-3165-6. OCLC 1249975944.