Charles Frederick Whittlesey (1867–1941) was an American architect best known for his work in the American southwest, and for pioneering work in reinforced concrete in California.
Life
editBorn in Alton, Illinois, Whittlesey was a draftsman for Louis Sullivan before opening his own Chicago practice.[1] Many of Whittlesey's major commissions show Sullivan's influence.
In 1900, at the age of 33, Whittlesey was appointed Chief Architect for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway. Among many other stations and hotels for the railroad, he designed the El Tovar Hotel, the former Harvey House situated just 20 ft from the south rim of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States. It stands at the northern terminus of the Grand Canyon Railway, formerly a branch of the Santa Fe. The hotel is one of only a handful of Harvey House facilities still in operation, and is an example of National Park Service Rustic architecture. The razed Alvarado Hotel in Albuquerque, New Mexico was also his design, with interior work done by Mary Colter.
Whittlesey moved to San Francisco in 1907 and worked mainly there and in Los Angeles, becoming known for his early work in reinforced concrete.
Whittlesey's son Austin C. Whittlesey (1893–1950) was also an architect, apprenticed in the office of Bertram Goodhue for seven years, and was active in Southern California in the 1930s. While working as staff designer for Allison & Allison he designed the 1930 Southern California Edison Building, across the street from Goodhue's L.A. Public Library. His daughter, Enid Caroline Whittlesey (1895–1981), was murdered in Los Angeles; the cold case investigation was featured on the TV series Forensic Files (Season 7, episode 32).
Work
edit
- Central School, 1897, Riverside, Illinois
- the Alvarado Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1902,[2] with the interior by Mary Colter[3] (razed)
- Whittlesey House, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1903[4] (now known as the Albuquerque Press Club)[5]
- Santa Fe Railroad Depot, Berkeley, California, 1903
- the Riordan family homes, now the Riordan Mansion State Historic Park, in Flagstaff, Arizona, 1904
- the George Babbitt home, 1904 Flagstaff, Arizona (burned down circa 1960)
- First Methodist Episcopal Church, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1904
- Santa Fe railroad depot Shawnee, Oklahoma. Built in 1904, the building is made of limestone blocks two to three feet thick, and assembled in the Romanesque revival style. The depot's floor plan is based on the style of early European churches. A tower resembling a Scottish lighthouse rises up from the east side of a multi-arched portico. The beautiful ceilings of the depot are made of stained boxcar siding. The structure was put on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1977, it was traded to the City of Shawnee and is now open to the public as the Historical Society of Pottawatomie County.[6]
- Hotel Hayward, Los Angeles, 1905
- El Tovar Hotel, Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1905. "The most expensively constructed pointed log house in America."[7]
- Clune's Auditorium, Los Angeles, 1905–06, billed as the largest reinforced concrete structure in California,[8] later redubbed the Philharmonic Auditorium. The auditorium "exhibited some of the most enthusiastic Sullivanesque ornament to be found in Southern California."[9] This Moorish Revival building, described as "one of the most beautiful buildings in Los Angeles" was demolished in 1985. The site is now (2012) a parking lot.[10]
- Forrester Building, Los Angeles, 1907, contributing property in the Broadway Theater and Commercial District[11]
- Hotel Wentworth, Pasadena, California, 1907, later purchased by Henry E. Huntington, reworked by Myron Hunt, and reopened as the Huntington Hotel in 1914. In 1954 the hotel complex was sold to the Sheraton Hotel chain.[12]
- Pacific Building, San Francisco, 1907, "remarkable for its Sullivanesque terra cotta ornament",[13] now the Palomar Hotel
- Lycurgus Lindsay House, Los Angeles, 1908
- Hueter Building, 816 Mission Street, San Francisco, 1908 [14]
- Apartment building, 1230-38 Taylor Street, San Francisco, 1909,[15]
- seven historic houses in the Russian Hill District, San Francisco, 1910-1913[16]
- Old Student Union, Stanford, Stanford, California, 1915 [17]
- The Leiman House on Euclid Avenue, Berkeley, California, 1921. Originally built as a side-by-side duplex home, it was converted to a single family in the 1980s by E. Lofting, then converted back to a duplex in 2011
- El Rey Hotel, Los Angeles, 1923, now the Weingart Center for the Homeless
- the Moorish-influenced Mayflower Hotel, Los Angeles, 1927
References
edit- ^ "PCAD - the Pacific Coast Architecture Database - Home". Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Poling-Kempes, Lesley, The Harvey Girls Marlowe and Company, New York, 1989 p. 157
- ^ Berke, Arnold, Mary Coulter: Architect of the Southwest, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2002 p, 55
- ^ "The Whittlesey House - Planning Department - City of Albuquerque". Archived from the original on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Whittlesey House Preservation Foundation - Albuquerque Press Club". Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
- ^ "Pottawatomie County Museum". Archived from the original on 2015-05-09. Retrieved 2015-06-30.
- ^ * El Tovar Hotel, 167-168
- ^ "PCAD - the Pacific Coast Architecture Database - Home". Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Gebhard and Winter, A Guide to Architecture in Los Angeles & Southern California, Peregrine Press Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, 1977, p. 211
- ^ McGrew and Julian, Landmarks of Los Angeles, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., NY, 1994 p. 65
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form - California SP Broadway Theater and Commercial District". United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service. May 9, 1979.
- ^ Moore, Becker and Campbell, The City Observed: Los Angeles, Vintage Books, New York, 1984, P336-337
- ^ Gebhard and Winter, ‘’A Guide to Architecture in San Francisco and Northern California’’, Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City, UT, 1985 p. 80
- ^ Corbet, Michael, "Splendid Survivors: San Francisco's Downtown Architectural Heritage", The Foundation for San Francisco's Architectural Heritage, San Francisco, CA 1979 p. 222
- ^ Woodbridge, Sally B. and John M. Woodbridge, ‘’’Architecture’ San Francisco, the guide’’, American Institute of Architects, San Francisco Chapter, San Francisco, CA, 1982 p. 58-59
- ^ "Russian Hill Neighbors". Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Gebhard and Winter, ‘’A Guide to Architecture in San Francisco and Northern California’’, Peregrine Smith Books, Salt Lake City, UT, 1985 p, 162