Chatyr-Köl (Kyrgyz: Чатыр-Көл, Russian: Чатыр-Куль, romanized: Chatyr-Kul') is an endorheic alpine lake in the Tian Shan mountains in At-Bashy District of Naryn Province, Kyrgyzstan; it lies in the lower part of Chatyr-Köl Depression near the Torugart Pass border crossing into China. The name of the lake means “Celestial Lake” in Kyrgyz (literally "Roof Lake").
| Chatyr-Köl | |
|---|---|
| Чатыр-Көл (Kyrgyz) | |
 | |
  Chatyr-Köl  Chatyr-Köl | |
| Location | Tian Shan mountains, Naryn Region |
| Coordinates | 40°37′N 75°18′E / 40.617°N 75.300°E |
| Type | Endorheic Mountain lake |
| Primary inflows | Glaciers |
| Primary outflows | Evaporation |
| Catchment area | 1,050 km2 (410 sq mi) |
| Basin countries | Kyrgyzstan |
| Designation | Ramsar site |
| Max. length | 23 km (14 mi) |
| Max. width | 10 km (6.2 mi) |
| Surface area | 181 km2 (70 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 16.5 m (54 ft) |
| Water volume | 0.62 km3 (0.15 cu mi) |
| Shore length1 | 58 km (36 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 3,530 m (11,580 ft) |
| Islands | none |
| Settlements | none |
| Official name | Chatyr Kul |
| Designated | 8 November 2005 |
| Reference no. | 1588[1] |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
Climate
editThe mean annual temperature in the lake basin is −5.6 °C (21.9 °F), with mean temperature of −22 °C (−8 °F) in January, and 7.1 °C (44.8 °F) in July. The maximum temperature in summer is 24 °C (75 °F), and the minimum one in winter is −50 °C (−58 °F). Some 88-90% of the lake basin's 208–269 mm of annual precipitation falls in summer. From October to end of April the lake surface freezes, the ice becoming as much as 0.25-1.5 m thick.[2][3]
Hydrology
editThe water of Chatyr Kul Lake is yellowish-green with water transparency of up to 4 metres (13 ft). The mineralization of the lake ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams per liter (chloride, hydrocarbonate, sodium and magnesium type of mineralization). The salinity of the lake is 2 ppt. Mineral sources in the south part of the lake have mineralization of from 5 to 7 grams (0.18 to 0.25 oz) per liter and pH = 5,8-6,0. Flow rate is 1,866 m3 (65,900 cu ft) in winter and 3,629 cubic metres (128,200 cu ft) during summer.[4] 41 small streams debouches into the lake, of those 21 originate in Torugart Range and 20 - in Atbashy Range.[5]
Negative water balance of the lake over the last decades causes the decline in the lake level. The mineral water from the sources is cold and has a strong mineral taste and flow first into the small Chatyr Kul lake that is about 1,5 meters higher than the actual Chatyr Kul.[6]
Protection
editSince 1998, a section of the lake and its shore (3,200 ha land, 3,954 ha water) is protected as part of the Karatal-Japyryk Nature Reserve.[7] The whole lake has been a game reserve (IUCN category IV) since 1972.[8] The game reserve was established to protect water fowl, including the bar-headed goose.[9] The lake is a Ramsar site of globally significant biodiversity (Ramsar Site RDB Code 2KG002).[1]
Gallery
edit_-_panoramio.jpg)
References
edit- ^ a b "Chatyr Kul". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Атлас Кыргызской Республики [Atlas of Kyrgyz Republic] (in Russian). Bishkek: Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz SSR. 1987. p. 156.
- ^ Иссык-Куль. Нарын:Энциклопедия [Encyclopedia of Issyk-Kul and Naryn Oblasts] (in Russian). Bishkek: Chief Editorial Board of Kyrgyz Soviet Encyclopedia. 1994. p. 512. ISBN 5-89750-009-6.
- ^ "Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands" (PDF). Retrieved October 30, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Чатыркөл" [Chatyrköl] (PDF). Кыргызстандын Географиясы [Geography of Kyrgyzstan] (in Kyrgyz). Bishkek. 2004. p. 220.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Central Asia Guide". Central Asia Guide. Archived from the original on 2021-06-04.
- ^ "Karatal-Japyryk Nature Reserve". Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "Chatyrkul". protected planet.
- ^ "Чатыркөл заказниги" [Chatyr-Köl Reserve] (PDF). Кыргызстандын Географиясы [Geography of Kyrgyzstan] (in Kyrgyz). Bishkek. 2004. p. 311.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)