Ulmus villosa, the cherry-bark elm or Marn elm, is one of the more distinctive Asiatic elms, and a species capable of remarkable longevity. It is endemic to the valleys of the Kashmir at altitudes of 1,200–2,500 metres (3,900–8,200 feet) but has become increasingly rare owing to its popularity as cattle fodder. Mature trees are now largely restricted to temples and shrines where they are treated as sacred.[2] Some of these trees are believed to be over 800 years old.[3]
| Ulmus villosa | |
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.JPG)
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| Ulmus villosa, Kew | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Ulmaceae |
| Genus: | Ulmus |
| Species: | U. villosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Ulmus villosa | |
| Synonyms | |
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Description
editGrowing up to 25 metres (82 feet) high, the tree is rather lightly and pendulously branched, the bark smooth with distinctive horizontal bands of lenticels, although it eventually becomes very coarsely furrowed.[4] The oblong-elliptic-acute leaves are less than 11 centimetres (4+1⁄4 inches) long by 5 cm (2 in) broad. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear in spring, and are particularly densely clustered, the white hairs covering the perianth and ovary contrasting with the purplish anthers. The samarae are elliptic, less than 12 millimetres (1⁄2 in) long and densely hairy on both sides.[5][6][7]
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Bark -
Leaves -
Samarae -
Tree at Stanmer Park Arboretum, Brighton
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Ecology
editU. villosa has a low susceptibility to Dutch elm disease and the elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola), but a moderate susceptibility to elm yellows.[8]
Cultivation
editA tree once grown at Kew Gardens, London, attained a height of 25 m (82 ft) and was considered very elegant, although it tended to shed shoots after flowering heavily; it was felled after succumbing to Dutch elm disease. Two trees planted as part of the UK Forestry Commission's elm trials at the Westonbirt Arboretum in the 1970s also died, although the cause of death has not been recorded. The tree was propagated and marketed by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1971 to 1977, with sales totalling 38.[9][10]
Plantings elsewhere in Europe are few and far between. A line of more than 20 trees survives at Wageningen in the Netherlands, collected by Heybroek in the Himalayas in 1960. Several trees also survive in the Gijsbrecht-Amstelpark area of Amsterdam and in the port.[citation needed]
Culture
editNotable trees
editIn the UK, the Tree Register (TROBI) champions are at Bute Park, Cardiff, 21 m (69 ft) × 45 cm (18 in) diameter at breast height (dbh) in 2005, and two at Brighton, both 15 m (49 ft) × 65 cm (26 in) dbh in 2009. The specimen planted in 1989 at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens at an exposed location on clay has grown more in width than height to form an amorphous (albeit healthy) mound of vegetation; in 2005 it was 11.6 m (38 ft) × 38 cm (15 in) dbh.
Accessions
editNorth America
edit- Bartlett Tree Experts, US. [1]. Acc. no. 8384.
Europe
edit- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[11] TROBI champion: Hodshrove Place, 15 m × 65 cm dbh in 2009.[12]
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire. UK. Acc. no. 707.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Acc. no. 1935-69805.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Wakehurst Place, UK. Acc. nos. 1935-69807, 1935-69809.
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, Hampshire, UK. Acc. no. 1989.2869, wild-collected from Sundarnagar Forest, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Wijdemeren City Council Elm Arboretum, park De Vijnen, Nederhorst den Berg, one tree planted 2018.
Nurseries
editEurope
edit- Pan-Global Plants [2], Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.
References
edit- ^ Crowley, D.; Rivers, M.C. (2021). "Ulmus villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T169365257A189487937. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T169365257A189487937.en. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.
- ^ Wadoo, M. S. (2002). Brein - the Trees of Sufis, Saints and Reshies. Kashmir Observer
- ^ Photograph of bark of mature Ulmus villosa, rogerstreesandshrubs.com villosa
- ^ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
- ^ White, J & More, D. (2003). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
- ^ "Ulmus villosa (1881) K000852688". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.; "Ulmus villosa K000852689". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.; "Ulmus villosa K000852686 samarae". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.; "Ulmus villosa K000852687 samarae". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ Mittempergher, L; Santini, A (2004). "The history of elm breeding" (PDF). Investigacion Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales. 13 (1): 161–177.
- ^ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
- ^ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Kew Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84246-452-6