The child archetype is a Jungian archetype, first suggested by psychologist Carl Jung. In more recent years, author Caroline Myss has suggested that the child, out of the four survival archetypes (child, victim, prostitute, and saboteur), is present in all humans.[clarification needed] According to Myss, its presence ranges from "childish to childlike longing for the innocent, regardless of age" and comprises sub-archetypes: "wounded child", "abandoned or orphan child", "dependent child", "magical/innocent child", "nature child", "divine child", and "eternal child".[1][2][3]
Jungians
editJung placed the "child" (including the child hero) in a list of archetypes that represent milestones in individuation.[4] Jungians exploring the hero myth have noted that "it represents our efforts to deal with the problem of growing up, aided by the illusion of an eternal fiction".[5] Thus for Jung, "the child is potential future", and the child archetype is a symbol of the developing personality.[6]
Others have warned, however, of the dangers posed to the parents drawn in by the "divine child" archetype – the belief of extraordinary potential in a child.[7]: 106 The child, idealized by parents, eventually nurtures a feeling of superiority.[7]: 118
Even where affecting less acutely, the child archetype may inhibit psychological maturation and result in an adult who is, in essence, "Mama's darling".[8][9] A man will end up with a strong attachment to a mother figure, either real or symbolic, and will lack the ability to form commitment or be generative.[9] The female version of this, specified as the "puella", will have a corresponding attachment to her father figure.[8]
Retrospective and prospective
editJung was concerned with the possibility of one's over-identification with their own persona, which would turn an individual into a stereotype born of social expectations and ambition, "unchildlike and artificial".[10] The child archetype becomes of use in this case, strengthening the individual's link to their past[11] by helping them recall childhood experiences and emotions.[12]
In its prospective role, the child archetype is a representation of future potentialities[13] and psychological maturation.[6]
In literature and media
editThe child archetype is portrayed in media in various ways. It can take the form of a child who displays adult-like qualities, giving, for example, wise advice to their friends, or vice versa[clarification needed] (like Raymond in the film Rain Man). More generally, "the child star can be conceptualized as a modern manifestation of the ancient archetype of the wonder-child".[11]
Examples
edit- Calvin from Calvin and Hobbes
- Linus van Pelt from Peanuts
- Tommy Pickles from Rugrats
- Butters Stotch from South Park
- Andrew "Ender" Wiggin from Ender's Game
- Stewie Griffin from Family Guy
- Maggie Simpson from The Simpsons.
- Jake Chambers from The Dark Tower
- Krishna from Srimad Bhagavatham
- Corwin from Roger Zelazny's The Chronicles of Amber (Corwin actually evolves through several child archetypes, from "wounded child" to "divine child")
- Damien from The Omen
- Lyra Belacqua from His Dark Materials (Lyra also evolves throughout the story, as she undergoes a maturation process and eventually loses her innocence)
- Huey Freeman from The Boondocks
- Jesus Christ from The Bible
- Peter Pan from Peter Pan
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Myss, Caroline (2010). "The Four Archetypes of Survival". Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ Myss, Caroline (2010). "A Gallery of Archetypes". Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ McGurn, Peggy A. (1998). "The Divine Child archetype in Jungian psychological thought and practice". Pacifica Graduate Institute.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) UMI: 9923263 - ^ Jung, Carl (1999). Jacobi, Jolande (ed.). Complex, archetype, symbol in the psychology of C.G. Jung. London: Routledge. pp. 113–4. ISBN 0415209390. translated from German by Ralph Manheim
- ^ Paul Radin, quoted in Henderson, Joseph L. (1978). "Ancient Myths and Modern Man". In Jung, Carl Jun (ed.). Man and his Symbols. London. pp. 101–3. ISBN 0307800555.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Segal, Robert A. (1999). Theorizing about myth. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 84. ISBN 1558491910.
- ^ a b Young-Eisendrath, Polly (2000). Women and Desire: beyond wanting to be wanted. London: Harmony Books.
- ^ a b Jacoby, Mario (1984). The analytic encounter: transference and human relationship. Toronto, Canada: Inner City Books. p. 118. ISBN 0919123147.
- ^ a b Hopcke, Robert H. (1999). A guided tour of the collected works of C.G. Jung (2nd ed.). Boston: Shambhala. p. 108. ISBN 1570624054.
- ^ Jung, C. G. (1996). The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. London. p. 162.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b O'Connor, Jane (2008). The cultural significance of the child star (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 978-0415961578.
- ^ Izod, John (2001). Myth, mind and the screen: understanding the heroes of our times (1st ed.). New York: Cambridge Univ. Pr. p. 88. ISBN 0521796865.
- ^ Crowley, Richard J.; Mills, Joyce C. (2001). Therapeutic metaphors for children and the child within. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel. p. 33. ISBN 9781583913703.
Further reading
edit- Rothgeb, Carrie Lee; Clemens, Siegfried M., eds. (1994) [1992]. Abstracts of the Collected works of C.G. Jung. London: Karnac Books. ISBN 978-1-85575-035-7.
- Kerényi, Karl (1991) [1960]. Eleusis : archetypal image of mother and daughter (1st ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691019150.
- Jung, Carl J.; Kerényi, Karl (1951). Introduction to a Science of Mythology: the myth of the Divine Child and the Mysteries of Eleusis.
- Myss, Caroline (2003). Sacred contracts: awakening your divine potential (1st ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-609-81011-8.