Chile–Israel relations refers to the bilateral and diplomatic ties between Chile and Israel. Chile recognized Israel's independence in February 1949.[1][2] Both countries established diplomatic relation on 16 May 1950, with Israel sending their first ambassador on that date and Chile sending their first ambassador on 16 June 1952.[1] Chile has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[1] Israel has an embassy in Santiago.[3]
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Diplomatic visits
editIn November 1983, Chilean Foreign Minister Miguel Schweitzer Walters visited Israel. The Israeli Attorney General Yitzhak Zamir raised the issue of extraditing suspected Nazi war criminal Walter Rauff. Walters said he could not extradite Rauff due to Chilean statute of limitations.[4] In 1984, a further request was made by the Director General of the Israeli Foreign Ministry for Rauff's extradition to Chilean Foreign Minister Jaime del Valle. Del Valle stated that it would be "inappropriate" to expel Rauff.[5] Former Prime Minister of Israel Golda Meir visited Chile with her Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres[2] and March 2005 saw the first official visit to Israel when Minister of Foreign Affairs Ignacio Walker made the trip with a delegation.[1]
In June 2019, Chilean President Sebastián Piñera made a visit to Israel. During the visit he met Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[6][7] During his visit president Piñera praised "long history of friendship and collaboration" between Chile and Israel.[8]
Military collaboration
editThe Military and Naval Attaché and Defense and Air Attaché offices as part of the Chilean Embassy to Israel seek to maintain and increase the bonds with the Israeli Defence Forces "in order to make knowledge, training and experiences exchange possible" and increase "the military bonds between the Ministry of Defense and its Israeli counterpart, in order to comply with the Chilean Foreign and Defense Policy".[9]
In 1981, Chile purchased 150 M-51 Sherman tanks from Israel Military Industries.[10] Later in 1988, the Chilean Government, together with the Israeli Government and the US State Department, blocked the transfer of F5 fighter jets from Chile to Iran in return for the potential release of four American hostages.[11]
Israel is a major supplier of military hardware to the Chilean Armed Forces.[12] In 1993, the IAI Phalcon system was sold to the Chilean Air Force.[13][14]
In 2002, Chilean Air Force selected Israeli military manufacturer RADA Electronic Industries for the supply of an advanced digital debriefing solution for its new F-16 C/D aircraft purchase.[15] In December 2010, Israel's three major manufacturers of unmanned air vehicles submitted proposals in a bid to for the Chilean Air Force.[14]
Israeli assistance
editFollowing the 1965 Chile earthquake, the Israeli Government offered medical equipment and supplies.[16] Following the 2010 Chile earthquake, the Israeli Government released a statement stating "Israel stands by the Chilean government and people and wishes to send its condolences to the victims' families and offer its support to the residents at this trying time".[17] The Israeli Government offered medical and engineering aid to Chile.[18] Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems loaned the Chilean Air Force two unmanned aerial vehicles to help assess post earthquake damage.[19][20]
Bilateral agreements
editSince 1953, Israel and Chile have signed numerous bilateral agreements:[21]
- Agreement on Cultural Exchange (1953)
- Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1965)
- Agreement on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy (1965)
- Agreement on Amateur Radio Operators (1982)
- Arrangement on Air Services within and beyond the respective borders (1982)
- Commercial and Economic Cooperation Agreement (1982)
- Executive Program of Cultural Exchange (1983)
- CONAF – Keren Kayemet Leisrael Agreement on Cooperation and Forest Technical Assistance (1983)
- Agreement on Tourist Cooperation (1986)
- Agreement on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Control (1993)
- Agreement on Visa Exemption in Diplomatic, Official, Special and Service Passports (1994)
- Agreement on Cultural, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1995)
- Joint Commission on Culture, held in Jerusalem (1996)
- Agreement on Remunerated Activities for Relatives of a Diplomatic Mission or Consular Representation (2007)
- Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of Bilateral Consultations between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Chile and Israel (2007)
- Cooperative forestry agreement. (1993) [22]
In October 2010, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu invited Chilean President Sebastián Piñera to Israel for the signing of a free trade agreement between the two countries.[23]
Security incidents
editIn 2009, a bullet was fired into the car of the Israeli ambassador to Chile, David Dadon, smashing the windshield. Dadon was not in the car and no one was injured, but security was tightened.[24][25]
Jews of Chile
editIn 2006, Michelle Bachelet's newly elected Chilean cabinet was described as the "most Jewish government in the world." The Ministers of Public Works (Eduardo Bitran), Planning and Cooperation (Clarissa Hardy), Mining and Energy (Karen Poniachik) and Deputy Foreign Minister (Alberto van Klaveren) were Jewish.[26] Later, Bachelet's successor Sebastián Piñera would appoint the also Jewish Rodrigo Hinzpeter as Minister of Interior Government and later as Minister of Defense.
Chile has a Jewish community estimated at 10,000 to 16,000 mainly centered on Santiago.[17][27] Some estimates put the total Jewish population as high as 20,700.[28]
Issue of Palestine
editIn 2006, a number of Chilean politicians including Deputies Iván Paredes and Sergio Aguiló "strongly condemned the Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and urged the Chilean government to recall their ambassador to Tel Aviv until the aggressions are brought to an end".[29][30] The leader of the socialist bloc in the Chilean parliament, Alejandro Navarro, said, "Latin America must react as one single voice against what is going on in the occupied Palestinian territories". Mr. Navarro also reported that they are going to "organize a delegation of Chilean lawmakers to act as international observers in the occupied Palestinian territory and to express solidarity with the Palestinian people." A member of the Chilean communist party, Hugo Gutierrez, described Israel as a "terrorist state" and demanded the United Nations to "act on behalf of the international law to stop the massacres and to achieve Palestinian sovereignty over their land".[29]
In January 2011, the Chilean government adopted a resolution "recognising the existence of the State of Palestine as a free, independent and sovereign state". A senior Israeli official responded saying "It is a useless and empty gesture because it will not change anything. The Chilean announcement, like those preceding it in Latin America, will not encourage the Palestinians to negotiate."[31] President of Chile, Sebastián Piñera, said "In this way we contribute to that end that may exist in the Middle East, a Palestinian state and a state of Israel that can live in peace and prosperity and recognized frontiers with secure borders".[32]
In response, Gabriel Zaliasnik, president of the Jewish community in Chile, thought Israel's Foreign Ministry made a mistake. Zaliasnik believed the statement that eventually emerged from the Chilean Government accepting Palestinian independence while acknowledging Israel's right to security was "not the diplomatic debacle some made it out to be, but in fact was a victory of sorts".[33]
In July 2014, the government of Michelle Bachelet summoned its ambassador in Israel during the Gaza conflict saying Israeli operation "breach fundamental norms in international humanitarian law".[34]
In 2018 the Chilean commune of Valdivia declared itself "Free of Israeli Apartheid" (Spanish: Libre de Apartheid Israelí).[35][36] According to the mayor of Valdivia Omar Sabat this mean the municipality would "restrain from purchasing any services from companies related to the Israeli apartheid".[35][37] The municipal decree was declared unconstitutional by the Comptroller General of Chile in December 2018.[36][37]
On September 15, 2022, an unusual diplomatic incident occurred, when the incumbent Chilean president Gabriel Boric refused to accept the charter from the new Israeli ambassador. According to reports this is because of "the President's anger over Operation Break the Wave."[38] Subsequently, the Chilean Foreign Ministry issued an apology to the Israeli ambassador, which was accepted by the latter. Israel reprimanded Chile's "bizarre and unprecedented behavior."[39]
In protest of the 2023 Israel–Hamas War, Chile recalled its ambassador from Israel.[40]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Bilateral Relationship Chile – Israel". Embassy of Chile in Israel. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ a b "Relaciones Bilaterales: Revisión Histórica (Bilateral Relations: Historical Review)" (in Spanish). Israeli Embassy in Chile. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ "General Info: Mission Details". Israeli Embassy in Chile. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ "Chile won't extradite Nazi". Lodi News-Sentinel. 29 November 1983. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Chile won't hand over former Nazi to Israel". Ottawa Citizen. 2 February 1984. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ Savir, Aryeh (27 June 2019). "Chilean president's visit to Israel sparks a bit of a diplomatic incident". International Jewish News. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Chilean president Piñera hails long friendship with Israel". EFE. 26 June 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Embajada de Chile en Israel » Military Attaché Offices". Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Handbook of Major Foreign Weapon Systems Exported to the Third World: 1981-86" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-13.
- ^ "Chile, Israel helped snuff jest-for-hostages deal". Record-Journal. 20 October 1988. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Regional Focus South America - Chile". Jane's. 13 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012.
- ^ Katz, Yaakov (9 May 2009). "India to finally receive Phalcon AWACS". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Military Aircraft and Military Aviation News from Flightglobal". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-18.
- ^ Israel to supply Chile advanced digital debriefing solution for F-16s Globes web site, Rishon Leziyyon . 26 May 2002.
- ^ "Israel Offered Chile Medical Supplies and Other Aid". The Canadian Jewish Chronicle. 9 April 1965. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Synagogue among the rubble in Chile - the Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ "Israel offers aid to quake-struck Chile". www.ynetnews.com. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "FIDAE 2010: Israel loans Chile UAVs to assess post-earthquake damage". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05.
- ^ Katz, Yaakov (14 March 2010). "Israel eyeing big defense contracts in India". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ "Embajada de Chile en Israel » Agreements and Treaties". Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ ISRAEL-CHILE FORESTRY ACCORD Jerusalem Post 15 August 1993.
- ^ Keinon, Herb (13 October 2010). "Netanyahu speaks to Chilean president". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ Weber, Jonathan (14 October 2009). "Chile: Shot fired at Israeli ambassador's car". Ynet. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (15 October 2009). "Chile Police Investigating After Bullet Fired at Israeli Envoy's Car". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ Eichner, Itamar (28 March 2006). "Most Jewish gov't outside Israel – in Chile". Ynet. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ Vinger, Shimon (7 March 2010). "Op-Ed: Chile's Jews providing comfort". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Jewish Population of the World".
- ^ a b "Maan News Agency: Chilean politicians demand their ambassador in Tel Aviv is recalled "until the Israeli aggression stops"". Archived from the original on 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ "LATIN AMERICA: Jewish Communities Ratchet up Complaints of Anti-Semitism". Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ "Chile's recognition of Palestine useless: Israel". The Daily Star. 9 January 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ Ya'ar, Chana (8 January 2011). "Israel 'Regrets' Chile PA Boost". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Jewish leader: Palestinian state declaration not a defeat". The Jerusalem Post. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Chile summons ambassador over Gaza offensive". AP News. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ a b Stuardo, Manuel (June 20, 2018). "Valdivia es la primera ciudad de Latinoamérica en declararse "Libre de Apartheid Israelí"". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved January 10, 2021.
- ^ a b "Contraloría pone marcha atrás a decreto de la Municipalidad de Valdivia contra Israel". El Mostrador. December 6, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ a b "Chile declares support for BDS illegal". Middle East Monitor. December 10, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- ^ "Chilean president refuses to receive Israeli ambassador". noticias. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Israel to reprimand Chilean envoy after Boric's presidential snub". Jerusalem Post. 16 September 2022.
- ^ "דרום אמריקה עם חמאס? לאחר ניתוק היחסים ע"י בוליביה, קולומביה וצ'ילה יחזירו שגרירים | ישראל היום". www.israelhayom.co.il. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.