Chilo phragmitella is a species of moth of the family Crambidae, sometimes referred to by the vernacular names wainscot veneer[1] or reed veneer.[2] It was first described by Jacob Hübner between 1805 and 1810 as Tinea phragmitella, and is the type species of the genus Chilo.[3]
| Chilo phragmitella | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | Chilo |
| Species: | C. phragmitella
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| Binomial name | |
| Chilo phragmitella (Hübner, 1805)
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| Synonyms | |
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Chilo phragmitella occurs in wetland habitats with reed beds and paddy fields, and can be found in much of Europe, including Great-Britain, and parts of Asia.
Original description
editDate of original description
editThe species was, as Tinea phragmitella,[4] first described by Jacob Hübner in his work Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge,[3] a multi-volume work with publication dates from 1793 to 1841.[5] Francis Hemming, in his 1937 systematic treatment[a] of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner, narrowed the range of years in which the description of Tinea phragmitella may have been published to 1805–1810.[5]
Etymology
editThe specific name phragmitella refers to the species' larval food source.[6]
Distribution and habitat
editChilo phragmitella occurs in most of Europe,[4] including the British Isles.[7] It is also known from parts of Asia, including Iran,[8][9] Iraq,[9] Japan[9] and China.[9] It is found in wetlands with large reed beds[10] and paddy fields.[8]
Behaviour and appearance
edit
Immature stages
editLarvae are whitish and feed internally from stem and rootstock of common reed (Phragmites australis) and reed sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima).[7][11] Larvae take two years to mature.[12][13] Prior to pupation, the larva creates a hole in the stem to exit from as moth. Pupation occurs within the stem beneath the exit created by the larva.[7][14]
Adult
editAdults are sexually dimorphic, with smaller, darker males. Wingspan is respectively 24–32 mm for males and 30–40 mm for females.[7] Both sexes have long labial palpi.[11] Female specimens of Chilo phragmitella may resemble those of Donacaula forficella.[6]
In Great-Britain, adults are on wing from June to July in a single generation.[7]
Handbook of British Lepidoptera
editThe following description of Chilo phragmitella was published in Edward Meyrick's 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera:[15]
The face with a conical horny projection. The labial palpi longer than head and thorax. Forewings in female much narrower and more acute than in male ; pale ochreous, more or less suffused with brown, especially in male, tending to form dark streaks on and between veins ; a dark fuscous discal dot ; termen sinuate. Hindwings are pale whitish-ochreous or whitish, The larva is ochreous -whitish ; dorsal, subdorsal, and lateral lines reddish -brown ; head and plate of 2 yellowish -brown.
Notes and references
editNotes
edit- ^ Francis, Hemming (1937). Hübner: a bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer. Royal Entomological Society of London.
References
edit- ^ "Wainscot Veneer (Chilo phragmitella)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ Wheeler, Jim (2017). Micro moth vernacular names: a nomenclatural checklist of British microlepidoptera. ISBN 9780956835239.
- ^ a b Bassi, G. (2021). "Notes from Old World Crambinae (II). New species of Chilo Zincken, 1817 (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)". SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología. 49 (196): 747–752. doi:10.57065/shilap.248. S2CID 254850424.
- ^ a b "Chilo phragmitella (Hübner, 1805) | Fauna Europaea". Fauna Europaea. Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ a b Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (14 April 2022). "Insects of Britain and Ireland - Hübner's collection: updated legends". www.delta-intkey.com. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ a b Muus, T.S.T.; Corver, S.C. (2022). "Chilo phragmitella (Hubner, 1810)". Microlepidoptera.nl, atlas van de kleine vlinders in Nederland (in Dutch). Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Goater, Barry (1986). British Pyralid Moths. Harley Books. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0946589089.
- ^ a b Jalaeian, M.; Golizadeh, A.; Sarafrazi, A. (August 2017). "The geographical distribution of moth stem borers (Lep.: Crambidae & Noctuidae) in paddy fields of Iran". Plant Pest Research. 7 (2). University of Guilan. Abstract. doi:10.22124/iprj.2017.2436.
- ^ a b c d Roohigohar, Sh; Alipanah, H.; Imani, S. (2016). "Crambinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae)". SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología. 44 (175): 492. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Chilo phragmitella | NatureSpot". Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ a b Kimber, Ian. "Chilo phragmitella | UKmoths". www.ukmoths.org.uk. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Schütze, K.T. (1931). Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Nährpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten (Scan/transcription) (in German). p. 21. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Ellis, Willem N. "Chilo phragmitella – Plant Parasites of Europe". bladmineerders.nl. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (14 April 2022). "Insects of Britain and Ireland: the genera of grass moths (Pyralidae-Crambinae and Schoenobiinae)". www.delta-intkey.com. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Keys and description
External links
edit
- waarneming.nl (in Dutch)
- Lepidoptera of Belgium Archived 2012-04-01 at the Wayback Machine