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Turkistan Region

(Redirected from Chimkent Oblast)

Turkistan Region (Kazakh: Түркістан облысы, romanized: Türkıstan oblysy), formerly South Kazakhstan Region (Kazakh: Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы, romanized: Oñtüstık Qazaqstan oblysy) (Russian: Южно-Казахстанская область, Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskaya oblast) from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region (Russian: Чимкентская область, Chimkentskaya oblast) from 1963 to 1991 is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan. Population: 2 088 510 (2022 estimate); 2,469,367 (2009 Census results);[4] 1,978,339 (1999 Census results).[4] Its capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in Turkistan include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger. This region and Atyrau Region are Kazakhstan's two smallest regions; both are about 117,300 square kilometers in area. Turkistan Region borders the neighboring country of Uzbekistan (and is also very near the Uzbekistan capital Tashkent), as well as three other Kazakhstan regions: Karaganda Region (to the north), Kyzylorda Region (to the west), and Jambyl Region (to the east). The Syr Darya passes through the region, on its way to the Aral Sea. An oil pipeline runs from Turkmenabat, Turkmenistan to Omsk, Russia (where it connects with a larger, Siberian pipeline) through South Kazakhstan. Oil, lead and zinc are refined in Shymkent.

Turkistan Region
Region
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Coat of arms of Turkistan Region
Coat of arms
Map of Kazakhstan, location of Turkistan Region highlighted
Map of Kazakhstan, location of Turkistan Region highlighted
Coordinates: 43°00′N 068°30′E / 43.000°N 68.500°E / 43.000; 68.500
Country Kazakhstan
CapitalTurkistan
Government
 • AkimDarkhan Satybaldy[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total117,249 km2 (45,270 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)
 • Total2,153,156
 • Density18/km2 (48/sq mi)
GDP
[3]
 • TotalKZT 3,517.3 billion
US$ 7.618 billion (2022)
 • Per capitaKZT 1,671,800
US$ 3,621 (2022)
Time zoneUTC+5
 • Summer (DST)UTC+5 (not observed)
Postal codes
160000
Area codes+7 (725)
ISO 3166 codeKZ-YUZ
Vehicle registration13, X
Districts11
Cities8
Townships13
Villages932
Websitewww.ontustik.gov.kz

The Region was created as South Kazakhstan Oblast in Kazakh SSR of Soviet Union. Between 1962 and 1992 it was named Chimkent Oblast. The administrative center of the Region was Shymkent. On 19 June 2018 Shymkent was taken out of the Region and subordinated directly to the government of Kazakhstan, the administrative center moved to Turkistan, and the Region renamed Turkistan Region.[5]

History

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In the territory of the Turkestan region in the XIX century, the tribes of the Middle Zhuz lived: Konyrats (Koktinuli, kotenshi); tribes of the Older Zhuz: Dulats (Sikym, Zhanys, Shymkent), Oshakty, Sirgeli, Yst. Hodja

The region was formed on March 10, 1932 as part of the Cossack ASSR (which itself was part of the Russian SFSR) mainly from the areas of the former Syr Darya district (1928-1930) and named the South Cossack region, however, in the documents of local party and Soviet bodies it was called the South Kazakstan region; in February 1936, due to the renaming of the Cossack In the Kazakh ASSR, the name of the region was changed to South Kazakhstan (kaz. Ontustik Kazakhstan oblysy). On December 5, 1936, the South Kazakhstan region became part of the newly formed Kazakh SSR, which was separated from the Russian SFSR.

In 1938, part of the territory of the South Kazakhstan region was transferred to the newly formed Kyzyl-Orda region.

Since 1962, it has been called the Shymkent region. In 1992, the former name of South Kazakhstan was restored.

On June 19, 2018, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the South Kazakhstan region was renamed Turkestan, and its administrative center was moved from Shymkent to the city of Turkestan; Shymkent was withdrawn from the South Kazakhstan region, receiving the status of a city of republican significance.

Geography

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Turkestan region is located in the south of Kazakhstan, within the eastern part of the Turan lowland and the western spurs of the Tien Shan. Most of the territory is flat, with the hilly ridge sands of Kyzylkum, the Shardara steppe (in the southwest, along the left bank of the Syr Darya) and Moyinkum (in the north, along the left bank of the Chu).

The northern part is occupied by the Betpak-Dala desert, in the extreme south is the Hungry Steppe (Myrzashol). The middle part of the region is occupied by the Karatau ridge (Mount Bessaz — 2176 m), in the southeast - the western edge of the Talas Alatau, the Karzhantau ranges (height up to 2824 m) and Ugamsky (the highest point is Sairam peak — 4238 m).

The largest rivers — the Syrdarya (with tributaries Keles, Kurukkeles, Arys, Bugun and others) crosses the territory of the region from south to northwest, and the Chu River (lower course), flowing in the north and lost in the sands of Moyinkum.

The region is located in a sharply continental climate zone. Fertile soils, abundance of sunlight, and extensive pastures create great opportunities for the development of various branches of agriculture in this area, primarily irrigation farming and pasture sheep farming. High yields are produced by cotton and rice crops, as well as orchards and vineyards.

Administrative divisions

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The administrative-territorial structure of the region includes 14 districts and 3 cities of regional subordination:

  1. Baidibek district
  2. Kazygurt district
  3. Maktaaralsky district
  4. Ordabasinsky district
  5. Otyrar district
  6. Sairam district
  7. Saryagash district
  8. Sauran district
  9. Suzak district
  10. Tolebiysky district
  11. Tyulkubassky district
  12. Shardara district
  13. Zhetysai district
  14. Kelessky district
  15. Arys
  16. Kentau
  17. Turkestan

Population

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Before Shymkent seceded from the region, the latter was the most populated in Kazakhstan with a population approaching 3 million people (2.95 million according to the Committee on Statistics of Kazakhstan as of May 1, 2018). However, after the city of Shymkent became a separate territorial administrative unit of the republic, leaving the region, the population of the South Kazakhstan (now Turkestan) region decreased by about 1 million inhabitants, amounting to 1,955,219 people on June 1, 2018 and thus slightly inferior to the primacy of the Almaty region.

The population of Southern Kazakhstan, despite the obvious numerical predominance of Kazakhs (which has significantly increased since the early 1990s and currently the proportion of Kazakhs in the population is about 72%), is characterized by significant ethnolanguage diversity. Thus, Uzbeks are traditionally widely represented in the population of the region (about 18% of the total population), Russians live (mainly in the city of Shymkent, although their share has significantly decreased over the past 20 years from more than 23% in 1980 to about 6% currently), Azerbaijanis, Tajiks, Tatars, Turks also live, Koreans, Kurds, Uighurs. It is used on an equal basis with the state language in all organizations as the official Russian language.

Economy

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There are deposits of polymetallic ores in the region (the southwestern slope of the Karatau ridge near the city of Kentau, Achisayskoye, Baizhansayskoye, Mirgalimsayskoye deposits, etc.). Deposits of iron ores of the Karatau ridge are of great industrial interest. The region has mineral resources for the production of building materials (limestone, gypsum, quartz sands, refractory ceramic and bentonite clays, mineral paints, ornamental stones).

In December 2010, the construction of the Beineu — Bozoi — Shymkent gas pipeline was started, designed to transport gas from the fields of western Kazakhstan to supply its own natural gas to the south of the republic, as well as export gas supplies to the Kazakhstan—China gas pipeline. The length of the gas pipeline will be almost 1.5 thousand kilometers, the estimated cost of construction is $ 3.6 billion, and the estimated service life is 30 years. With the commissioning of the new gas pipeline, gas supply volumes will increase fivefold in the Kyzylorda region, 3-4 times in South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions. At the first stage (until 2012), it is planned to build the Bozoi — Shymkent section with a capacity of 5 billion cubic meters per year, at the second stage (2013-2014) — to increase the capacity of the gas pipeline to 10 billion cubic meters per year by commissioning additional compressor stations and the Beineu - Bozoi section. The Beineu — Bozoi — Shymkent gas pipeline is considered as the second section of the Kazakhstan—China gas pipeline.

In November 2015, the gas pipeline was put into operation ahead of schedule

Akims

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Shymkent Regional Committee of the KP of Kazakhstan

Chairmen of the South Kazakhstan Regional Executive Committee

  1. Urkumbaev, Mars Fazylovich (1992-1993)
  2. Turisbekov, Zautbek Kausbekovich (December 1993 — December 1997)
  3. Abdullaev, Kalyk Abdullayevich (December 1997 — July 1999)
  4. Saparbayev, Berdybek Mashbekovich (July 1999 to August 2002)
  5. Zhylkishiev, Bolat Abzhaparuly (August 31, 2002—September 2006)
  6. Shukeev, Umirzak Estaevich (September 2006 — August 28, 2007)
  7. Ashim, Nurgali Saduakasovich (August 28, 2007 — March 4, 2009)
  8. Myrzakhmetov, Askar Isabekovich (March 4, 2009 — August 8, 2015)
  9. Atamkulov, Beibut Bakirovich (August 8, 2015 — October 7, 2016)
  10. Tuimebayev, Zhanseit Kanseitovich (October 7, 2016 — February 26, 2019)
  11. Shukeev, Umirzak Estaevich (February 26, 2019 - August 31, 2022)
  12. Satybaldy, Darkhan Amangeldievich (from August 31, 2022 - present)

Archaeology

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  • Excavations of the Kul-Tobe settlement near the village of Saryaryk on the terrace of the Arys River (42°29′32″N 68°57′45″E / 42.49222°N 68.96250°E / 42.49222; 68.96250) on the territory of the South Kazakhstan region in 2006, made by Kazakh archaeologists led by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor A. N. Podushkin, according to some statements, allow to identify the culture of Kangju with the peoples of the Scythian circle.[6] Ceramics (large jugs or persimmons) and weapons (arrowheads, knives, bows and daggers) were found in three graves of nomad warriors who lived about two thousand years ago. 13 epigraphic monuments were found on ceramic bricks-tables — two almost complete texts and eleven fragments.[7] Writing after decryption is defined as alphabetic, lowercase, Aramaic, which also includes ideograms. It marks one of the eastern dialects of the proto-Iranian language. Paleographic and linguistic analysis of the Kultobin script showed that it dates from the II — beginning of the III century AD, that is, more than a century older than the so-called "Old Sogdian letters".[8]
  • Excavations of the Tutta Cave, the oldest cave in the country, located in the Turkestan region on the territory of the Syrdarya–Turkestan State Regional Natural Park, it was discovered in the middle of the last century, but excavations began in 2017. The cave is being explored as part of a European Union project, and archaeologists from Germany, Greece, and Spain are involved. Household items of primitive man, who presumably lived during the Stone Age, have been found.[9]

References

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  1. ^ "Дархан Сатыбалды сменил Умирзака Шукеева на посту акима Туркестанской области". inbusiness.kz. 31 August 2022.
  2. ^ Official site – General Information Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ DOSM. "Department of Statistics Kazakhstan". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Население Республики Казахстан" [Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Публичное подписание Указа "О некоторых вопросах административно-территориального устройства Республики Казахстан"" (in Russian). President of Kazakhstan. 19 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  6. ^ "Археологи раскопали уникальные артефакты в городище Культобе". tengrinews.kz. 26 July 2014.
  7. ^ "Казахстанские археологи вскрыли могилы воинов-номадов". tengrinews.kz. 21 July 2012.
  8. ^ "Из истории открытия, дешифровки и интерпретации культобинского (кангюйского) письма". pandia.ru.
  9. ^ "Уникальную находку обнаружили археологи в Туркестанской области". www.zakon.kz. 6 July 2022.
  • National Geographic Atlas of the World, Eighth Edition.
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  Media related to Turkistan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Twin Cities

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The Turkestan region has the following twin cities:

City Year A country
Municipality of "Zeytinburnu", Istanbul 2021   Turkey
Municipality of "Üsküdar", Istanbul 2021   Turkey
Maltepe Municipality, Istanbul 2021   Turkey
Shusha 2022   Azerbaijan
Khujand 2023   Tajikistan
Bobojon Ghafurov (Kubodien district) 2023   Tajikistan
Zhengzhou 2023   China
Yueqing 2023   China
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