Pistacia chinensis, the Chinese pistache[3] (Chinese: 黄連木; pinyin: huángliánmù), is a small to medium-sized tree in the genus Pistacia in the cashew family Anacardiaceae, native to central and western China.[4] This species is planted as a street tree in temperate areas worldwide due to its attractive fruit and autumn foliage.
| Chinese pistache | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pistacia chinensis with autumn colour | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Pistacia |
| Species: | P. chinensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Pistacia chinensis | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Description
edit_(tree).JPG)
It is hardy, can withstand harsh conditions and poor quality soils, and grows up to 20 m (66 ft). The leaves are deciduous, alternate, pinnate, 20–25 cm long, with 10 or 12 leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually absent. The flowers are produced in panicles 15–20 cm (5.9–7.9 in) long at the ends of the branches; it is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.[citation needed]
The fruit is a small red drupe, turning blue when ripe, containing a single seed.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
editSynonyms include: Pistacia formosana Matsumura; P. philippinensis Merrill & Rolfe; Rhus argyi H. Léveillé; R. gummifera H. Léveillé.[4]
Some botanists merge Pistacia integerrima into this species as the subspecies P. chinensis ssp. integerrima, with the plants considered here then becoming the subspecies P. chinensis ssp. chinensis.[citation needed]
Distribution and habitat
editIts native range is on hill and mountain forests on rocky soils at 100–3,600 m (330–11,810 ft) above sea level. It is found in Mainland China (excluding the far north and the far west) and Taiwan.[4]
Ecology
editChinese pistache grows best in full sun, being intolerant of shade; it is the most frost-tolerant species of Pistacia, tolerating temperatures down to about -25 °C, yet it is most highly regarded in warm climates. It is planted for its impressive fall colors, which develop at least as far south as Orlando, Florida.[citation needed]
Uses
editIt is a popular choice for street trees in urban settings because it is very drought tolerant and can survive harsh environments. It is also used as an understock for Pistacia vera.[5] In China, the oil from the seeds is used for biodiesel production. The wood is used for production of furniture, and yields a yellow dye.[4]
It is also used in classical Chinese garden design.[citation needed]
Gallery
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The young leaves are edible and can be used in tea manufacturing. -
Lobular opposite or nearly opposite -
The fruit turns blue when ripe. -
Tree and street trees -
The bark peels off in a scaly shape. -
Branches and leaves
References
edit- ^ Ye, J.; Qin, h.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Xylopia calophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147638178A147638180. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147638178A147638180.en. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ^ NRCS. "Pistacia chinensis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod. "Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 15. 1833". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ Ketzel Levine (2003). "Talking Plants: Pistacia_chinensis". NPR. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
Further reading
edit
- Ernest Henry Wilson (1913). A Naturalist in Western China. Vol. II. London: Methuen & GO. Ltd. OCLC 459058573. Retrieved 2009-11-11.