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Chisago County, Minnesota

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Not to be confused with Chicago.

Chisago County (/ʃɪˈsɑːɡoʊ/ shi-SAH-goh)[2] is a county in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The county covers an area of 442 square miles (1,140 square kilometers) and, as of the 2020 Census, had a population of 56,621 people. It is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county's largest city is North Branch. Within Chisago County is the Chisago Lakes area, which includes the combined areas of Shafer, Chisago City, Lindström, and Center City. Center City is the county seat.[3] The county has a diverse economy, including manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism.[4]

Chisago County
County
Old Chisago County Courthouse originally in Center City, Minnesota, moved in 1990 to Almelund, Minnesota.
Old Chisago County Courthouse originally in Center City, Minnesota, moved in 1990 to Almelund, Minnesota.
Official logo of Chisago County
Logo
Map of Minnesota highlighting Chisago County
Location within the U.S. state of Minnesota
Map of the United States highlighting Minnesota
Minnesota's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 45°30′09″N 92°54′30″W / 45.50247°N 92.90834°W / 45.50247; -92.90834
Country United States
State Minnesota
FoundedSeptember 1, 1851[1]
Named forChisago Lake
SeatCenter City
Largest cityNorth Branch
Area
 • Total
442 sq mi (1,140 km2)
 • Land415 sq mi (1,070 km2)
 • Water28 sq mi (70 km2)  6.2%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
56,621
 • Estimate 
(2023)
58,535 Increase
 • Density130/sq mi (49/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district8th
Websitewww.chisagocountymn.gov

History

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Early history

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Before the arrival of European settlers, the area that is now Chisago County was home to the Dakota and Ojibwe tribes. The Dakota lived in the southern part of the county and the Ojibwe in the northern part.[5] The first European to explore the area was Sieur duLuth in 1679.[6] French and English trading posts were established in Taylors Falls and Sunrise during the 18th century. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, French fur traders who traveled south from Lake Superior established trading posts along the river, extending as far south as Taylors Falls.[6]

In 1837, a treaty between the United States and the Chippewa Nation led to the cession of all lands between the St. Croix and Mississippi River, opening the area for European settlement.[7]

European Settlement

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The first European settlers arrived in the Chisago County area in the early 1800s. Most of them were of Swedish descent, and they came in search of land and new opportunities.[8] They established small farms and communities throughout the county. Chisago County's early economy was based on farming, logging, and mining. Its forests and mines attracted many settlers to the area. Records of early businesses in Chisago County are recorded in Lindströmsjö.[9] Many Swedes emigrated seeking religious freedom from the oppressive Lutheran Church of Sweden. However, the majority left for reasons other than religious repression and still identified as Lutherans.[10] The early Swedish churches in Minnesota, like the Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church in Center City, were initially lay-led due to the absence of ordained clergy.[11]

In the mid-1800s, the area that is now Chisago County was part of the Minnesota Territory, and it was not officially established as a county until 1851.[12] It took its name from the Chisago Lake.[13] In its aboriginal form it was "Ki-chi-saga", from two Ojibwe words: "kichi" (large) and "saga" (fair or lovely).[14]

The county seat was originally in Taylors Falls, but was relocated to Chisago City in 1865. It took three more years before the legislature approved this relocation and voters approved it in a referendum. The move was later challenged in the courts on allegations of election fraud, resulting in a two-year delay before the state Supreme Court validated the results. In 1875, the county seat was again moved, this time to Center City where it remains as of 2024.[15]

The development of transportation infrastructure in Chisago County began with the completion of the first bridge across the St. Croix River at Taylors Falls in 1856. Prior to the bridge, ferryboats provided crossings at Sunrise and Rush City. In 1868, a military road was constructed, spanning the entire county from north to south. Railroads soon became a vital mode of transportation, with the completion of the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad, also running north to south, in 1870.[6]

Progressive Era

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By the early 1900s and the dawn of the Progressive Era, much of Chisago County's forests had been cleared, leading to the closure of sawmills and the departure of lumberjacks in search of new employment. Advancements in farm machinery enabled fewer workers to manage larger farms. The county's economy shifted toward manufacturing and industry. The county was home to factories and mills, including sawmills, flour mills, and paper mills.[9]

The Progressive Era also led to reform movements resonating throughout Minnesota and Chisago County.[16] The county's distinct approach to education can be primarily attributed to its homogeneous population and the unique structure of local governance.[17] This uniformity allowed the school boards in Chisago County to effectively control external influences through their selection of teachers.[18]

Nearly 70% of Chisago County voters supported Progressive Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.[19]

Post-war

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Between 1970 and 2000, Chisago County's population surged by 135%. Enhanced transportation networks, including Interstate Highway 35 and U.S. Highway 8, facilitated access to broader regions and led to business and industrial growth.[6]

Modern era

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Today, Chisago County has a diverse economy. It is home to several manufacturing companies, including the Anderson Corporation, a major producer of windows and doors.[20] Agriculture is also a large part of the local economy, with crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat grown in the county.[21] Tourism is also growing, with visitors drawn to the Chisago Lakes area's recreational opportunities.[3]

The county has retained and continues to celebrate much of its Swedish heritage.[22]

Geography

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Chisago County lies on Minnesota's eastern border, abutting the western border of Wisconsin (across the Saint Croix River). The Saint Croix flows south-southeast along the county's eastern border. The Sunrise River flows north through the county's central part, collecting the waters of the North Branch Sunrise River and Hay Creek before discharging into the St. Croix at the county's eastern boundary. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, devoted to agriculture.[23] The terrain slopes to the south and east, with its highest point near the northwest corner, at 1,017 ft (310 m) ASL.[24] The county has an area of 442 square miles (1,140 km2), of which 415 square miles (1,070 km2) is land and 28 square miles (73 km2) (6.2%) is water.[25]

Major highways

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Adjacent counties

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Protected areas

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  • Fish Lake County Park
  • Franconia Bluffs Scientific and Natural Area
  • Interstate State Park
  • Lawrence Creek Scientific and Natural Area
  • Ojiketa Regional Park
  • Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (part)
  • Wild River State Park

[23]

Climate and weather

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Center City, Minnesota
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[26]
Metric conversion
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Chisago County has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with long, cold winters and warm summers. The average high temperature in the summer is around 80 °F (27 °C), while the average low temperature in the winter is around 5 °F (−15 °C).

A record low of −38 °F (−39 °C) was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in July 1988.[26]

The county's location in the Upper Midwest region of the United States exposes it to a wide range of weather patterns, including severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and blizzards. The county experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of 30 inches (760 mm) and an average annual snowfall of 47 inches (1,200 mm). Spring is the most active season for severe weather, with thunderstorms and tornadoes common. Winter storms are common during the winter, with heavy snowfall and blizzards.

Chisago County has many lakes and wetlands, which significantly affect its weather and climate. It has over 100 lakes, the largest being North and South Center Lakes, Green Lake, and Chisago Lake. The lakes and wetlands moderate temperatures by absorbing heat during the summer and releasing it during the winter.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18601,743—
18704,358150.0%
18807,98283.2%
189010,35929.8%
190013,24827.9%
191013,5372.2%
192014,4456.7%
193013,189−8.7%
194013,124−0.5%
195012,669−3.5%
196013,4195.9%
197017,49230.4%
198025,71747.0%
199030,52118.7%
200041,10134.7%
201053,88731.1%
202056,6215.1%
2023 (est.)58,535[27]3.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[28]
1790-1960[29] 1900-1990[30]
1990-2000[31] 2010-2020[32]

According to the most recent census data, Chisago County's population is 56,621, making it Minnesota's 18th-most populous county. 52.1% of residents are male and 47.9% are female. The average family size in Chisago County was 3.05 persons, and 62.2% of households were married-couple families.

From 1960 to 2010, Chisago County has been one of the state's fastest growing counties. From 2000 to 2014, Chisago County was the fifth-fastest growing county in the state, experiencing a population increase of 12,924 (growth rate of 31.4 percent).[6]

95.4% of residents have at least a high school education, and 22.2% have attained a bachelor's degree or higher. 4.9% are veterans.[33]

Age

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Population by decade
 
2022 US Census population pyramid for Chisago County, from ACS 5-year estimate

Race and ethnicity

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Historically, Chisago County has been overwhelmingly populated by non-Hispanic Whites. Since 2000, it has been home to a small but growing Black, Asian, and Hispanic population.

Year Total White alone Black alone Hispanic
(any race) 		Native alone Asian alone
(incl. Pacific Is.) 		Other
race alone 		Two or
more
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
1950[34] 12,669 12,660 99.93 — — — — — — — — 9[a] 0.06 — —
1960[35] 13,419 13,392 99.80 21 0.16 — — — — 6[b] 0.04 0 0.00 — —
1970[36] 17,492 17,427 99.63 33 0.19 — — — — — — 32 0.18 — —
1980[37] 25,717 25,423 98.86 28 0.11 91[c] 0.35 76 0.30 59 0.23 40 0.16 — —
1990[38] 30,521 30,099 98.62 63 0.21 137[d] 0.45 120 0.39 89 0.29 13 0.04 — —
2000[39] 41,101 39,953 97.21 210 0.51 473 1.15 187 0.45 287 0.70 126 0.31 327 0.80
2010[40] 53,887[e] 51,013 94.67 636 1.18 835 1.55 313 0.58 480 0.89 19 0.04 591 1.10
2020[41] 56,621[e] 50,804 89.73 845 1.49 1,451 2.56 309 0.55 771 1.36 185 0.33 2,256 3.98
  1. ^ Non-white
  2. ^ 2 Indian, 4 Japanese, 0 Chinese, 0 Filipino
  3. ^ 78 White, 13 other
  4. ^ 89 White, 5 Native American, 2 Black, 1 Asian, 40 other
  5. ^ a b This figure includes inmates at the Minnesota Correctional Facility – Rush City

Ancestry

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The most common ancestries in Chisago County are German, English, Swedish, Irish and Norwegian.[42][43]

Ancestry Any ancestry[a] Full ancestry[b]
Rank Population % Rank Population %
German 1 19,608 34.63 1 6,551 11.57
Irish 2 8,895 15.71 4 1,515 2.68
Swedish 3 8,368 14.78 3 2,380 4.20
English 4 6,992 12.35 2 2,766 4.89
Norwegian 5 6,463 11.41 5 1,467 2.59
Polish 6 3,127 5.52 7 637 1.13
French 7 2,846 5.03 9 359 0.63
Italian 8 1,859 3.28 8 509 0.90
Scandinavian 9 1,692 2.99 6 985 1.74
Scottish 10 1,239 2.19 15 118 0.21
Danish 11 945 1.67 12 144 0.25
Dutch 12 908 1.60 11 146 0.26
Finnish 13 900 1.59 10 257 0.45
Czech 14 884 1.56 13 142 0.25
Mexican 15 883 1.56 — — —
French-Canadian 16 691 1.22 14 139 0.25
  1. ^ Any ancestry includes individuals identifying with either a single ethnic group (full ancestry) or with a mixed heritage from multiple groups (partial ancestry).
  2. ^ Full ancestry only includes those who identify with a single group, without any mixed heritage.

Nativity

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In 2021, 97.9% of residents were born in the United States, and 78.5% had been born in Minnesota. Among the foreign-born population, 56.5% were naturalized U.S. citizens. 97.1% of residents spoke only English at home.

From the late 19th to mid-20th century, a majority of the foreign-born population was born in Sweden.[44][45] As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that 1,174 people were foreign born, or 2.06% of the total population. Of these, about 40% were born in Asia, 30% in Latin America, 15% in Canada, 10% in Europe, and 5% in Africa.[46]

Country of birth of foreign born population, 1930–1970
Country of birth
1900 1930[44] 1940[45] 1970
Number % Number % Number % Number %
  Sweden 4,215 84.00 2,319 84.85 1,541 82.45 220 59.46
  Germany 390 2.94 133 4.86 92 4.93 52 14.05
  Norway 69 1.38 94 3.44 77 4.12 8 2.16
  Canada 128 2.55 56 2.05 38 2.03 16 4.32
  Denmark 55 0.42 41 1.50 40 2.14 6 1.62
Other 161 3.21 90 3.29 80 4.28 68 18.38
Total foreign born 5,018 100.00 2,733 100.00 1,868 100.00 370 100.0
Country of birth of foreign born population, 2022[46]
Country Number Percent
  Mexico 201 17.12
  Canada 178 15.16
  Philippines 116 9.88
  Thailand 68 5.79
  Laos 64 5.45
  Honduras 61 5.20
  Cambodia 60 5.11
  South Korea 51 4.34
  China 37 3.15
  Russia 36 3.07
  Brazil 30 2.56
  Ukraine 28 2.38
Other 244 20.79
Total 1,174 100.00

Religion

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Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church

The 2020 U.S. Religion Census conducted by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies found that 7,549 Chisago County residents were affiliated with the Catholic Church, 6,098 with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and 2,975 with the Assemblies of God.[47]

A notable religious building in Chisago County is the Chisago Lake Lutheran Church. The church was founded in 1890 and has been in Center City since 1906. It is part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Another prominent religious building in the county is the First United Methodist Church of Lindström. The church has served the community for over 130 years.

The Church of St. Joseph in Taylors Falls is a Catholic church that was founded in 1854. The current building was constructed in 1896.

Transportation

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Among workers 16 years and older, 80.3% commuted to work by car, 9.0% carpooled, 1.6% used public transit, and 2.2% walked, biked, or used some other method. 7.0% worked from home. The median household income was $86,900, slightly above the state average. 6.4% of residents lived below the poverty line, and 2.5% were unemployed. 86.4% of housing in the county was owner-occupied.

Education

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Communities

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Cities

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Unincorporated communities

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Townships

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Culture

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Swedish immigrants in Rush City, Minnesota, in 1887.

Chisago County is strongly influenced by the German, Swedish and Norwegian immigrants who settled there in the mid-19th century. It provided the setting for much of Swedish author Vilhelm Moberg's suite of novels The Emigrants in the 1950s, and Moberg engaged in both archival and oral history research for his books to recreate the area's early Swedish immigration. Sculptor Ian Dudley's bronze statue of Moberg stands in Chisago City's park.

Moberg's fictional characters Karl-Oskar and Kristina Nilsson from Ljuder parish in Småland in 1850 with three small children and a group of relatives and neighbors, during the period of the first wave of mass emigration from Sweden.

Moberg penned Karl Oskar as the first to settle around Lake Ki-Chi-Saga (from the Ojibwe Ki-chi-saga-igun, or Gichi-zaaga'igan in contemporary spelling), meaning "big lake with an outlet", which was later shortened to Lake Chisago. The annual Karl Oskar Days in Lindström honor the early settlers' heritage.

Government and politics

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Government

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The County Board, comprising five members, is responsible for setting policies and making laws in the county. Its members are elected from specific regions and serve four-year terms in a rotating manner.[48]

The County Board sets the county tax rate, adopts the budget, appoints boards and commissions, approves grants and personnel actions, and oversees the administration of county government.

The Chisago County Court Administrator's Office is responsible for maintaining records, managing case flow, overseeing jury management, and collecting fines for all District Court cases in the county. These cases encompass various types, such as juvenile, civil, family, probate, criminal, and conciliation court cases. Chisago County accommodates three chambered judges in a full-time capacity, and is part of the 10th Judicial District, which comprises eight counties and 45 judges. Any judge in this district may preside over cases in Chisago County.

County Commissioners

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Office[48] Name Party
  District 1 Jim Swenson Nonpartisan
  District 2 Rick Greene Nonpartisan
  District 3 Marlys Dunne Nonpartisan
  District 4 Ben Montzka Nonpartisan
  District 5 Dan Dahlberg Nonpartisan

County officials

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Office[49] Name Party
  Attorney Janet Reiter Nonpartisan
  Auditor-Treasurer Bridgitte Konrad Nonpartisan
  Recorder Karen Long Nonpartisan
  Sheriff Brandon Thyen Nonpartisan

Politics

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Chisago County has trended conservative in recent state and federal elections, backing every Republican nominee for president since 2000.

State legislators

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Office District Name Party Residence
  Senate 11 Jason Rarick Republican Pine City
  Senate 28 Mark Koran Republican North Branch
  House 11B Nathan Nelson Republican Hinckley
  House 28A Brian Johnson Republican Cambridge
  House 28B Anne Neu Brindley Republican North Branch

Federal officials

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Office District Name Party
  Senate Statewide Amy Klobuchar DFL
  Senate Statewide Tina Smith DFL
  House 8th Pete Stauber Republican

Presidential elections

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United States presidential election results for Chisago County, Minnesota[50]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 21,916 63.40% 11,806 34.15% 848 2.45%
2016 18,441 61.01% 9,278 30.69% 2,509 8.30%
2012 16,227 55.12% 12,524 42.54% 690 2.34%
2008 15,789 53.88% 12,783 43.62% 733 2.50%
2004 15,705 55.57% 12,219 43.24% 336 1.19%
2000 10,937 49.74% 9,593 43.63% 1,457 6.63%
1996 5,984 33.74% 8,611 48.56% 3,138 17.70%
1992 4,813 28.11% 7,077 41.34% 5,229 30.55%
1988 6,163 43.49% 7,875 55.58% 132 0.93%
1984 6,279 48.12% 6,683 51.21% 87 0.67%
1980 5,017 40.06% 6,240 49.83% 1,266 10.11%
1976 3,874 35.65% 6,625 60.96% 368 3.39%
1972 4,718 51.06% 4,174 45.17% 349 3.78%
1968 3,053 39.90% 4,102 53.61% 496 6.48%
1964 2,525 36.65% 4,347 63.10% 17 0.25%
1960 3,822 56.59% 2,907 43.04% 25 0.37%
1956 3,413 55.47% 2,731 44.38% 9 0.15%
1952 3,892 60.25% 2,536 39.26% 32 0.50%
1948 2,704 44.58% 3,184 52.50% 177 2.92%
1944 3,020 55.58% 2,376 43.72% 38 0.70%
1940 3,569 55.97% 2,746 43.06% 62 0.97%
1936 2,462 40.49% 3,360 55.26% 258 4.24%
1932 2,524 43.86% 3,047 52.95% 184 3.20%
1928 4,215 75.51% 1,297 23.24% 70 1.25%
1924 2,678 52.80% 135 2.66% 2,259 44.54%
1920 4,361 80.02% 484 8.88% 605 11.10%
1916 1,749 61.22% 944 33.04% 164 5.74%
1912 346 13.31% 435 16.73% 1,819 69.96%
1908 2,107 79.90% 408 15.47% 122 4.63%
1904 2,417 91.45% 156 5.90% 70 2.65%
1900 2,354 83.36% 411 14.55% 59 2.09%
1896 2,558 84.37% 437 14.41% 37 1.22%
1892 1,480 75.01% 338 17.13% 155 7.86%

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Chisago County History". Chisago County Office. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  2. ^ "Minnesota Pronunciation Guide". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  3. ^ a b "Home". Chisago Lakes Visitor Bureau. April 6, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  4. ^ "Housing & Redevelopment Authority - Economic Development Authority (HRA-EDA) - Official Website". Chisago County, MN. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  5. ^ Risjord, Norman K. (2005). A popular history of Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87351-531-5. OCLC 56840368.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Chisago County Comprehensive Plan, 2017". Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  7. ^ "1837 Treaty". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. February 25, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  8. ^ Flanagan, John T. (1963). "Chisago Reminiscences". Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. 14: 6–18.
  9. ^ a b "Chisago County Historical Society". Chisago County Historical Society. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  10. ^ Johnson, E. (1948). A Church is Planted: The Story of the Lutheran Minnesota Conference, 1851-1876. Lutheran Minnesota Conference. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  11. ^ Eckman, F. M. (1904). Minneskrift 1854-1904, Svenska Ev. Lutherska forsamlingen i Chisago Lake (Memorial publication 1854-1904, the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chisago Lake) (in Swedish). Center City, Minn.: Svenska Ev. Lutherska forsamlingen i Chisago Lake.
  12. ^ "Chisago County, Minnesota". Minnesota Geographic Names. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  13. ^ Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 107.
  14. ^ "Page:A history of the Swedish-Americans of Minnesota.djvu/9". Wikisource, the free online library. March 27, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  15. ^ "Facilities". Chisago County, MN. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
  16. ^ Chrislock, Carl H. (1971). The Progressive Era in Minnesota, 1899-1918. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 978-0873514972.
  17. ^ "Swedish Elementary Schools in Chisago County". Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. 30: 172–182. 1979.
  18. ^ Shaffer, Thomas Wayne (1996). From Sacred Learning to Secular Education: Swedish Lutherans in Southern Chisago County, Minnesota, 1875-1922 (Thesis). ISBN 0591078724.
  19. ^ Minnesota Secretary of State (1913). "Vote for President, 1912". The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota 1913. St. Paul.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ "Our Mission". Chisago County. July 29, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  21. ^ "National Agricultural Statistics Service - Minnesota - County Estimates". USDA. February 24, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  22. ^ Bosman, Julie (April 16, 2015). "Lindström Loses Umlauts on Road Signs, and the Town is Dotted With Displeasure (Published 2015)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Chisago County MN Google Maps (accessed March 6, 2019)
  24. ^ ""Find an Altitude/Chisago County MN" Google Maps (accessed March 6, 2019)". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  25. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  26. ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Center City MN". The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  27. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  28. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  29. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  30. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  31. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  32. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  33. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "Explore Census Data". Explore Census Data. Retrieved September 25, 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  34. ^ "Census 1950 Census Chisago County Race". Social Explorer. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  35. ^ "Census 1960 Census Chisago County Race". Social Explorer. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  36. ^ "Census 1970 Census Chisago County Race". Social Explorer. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  37. ^ "1980 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics Minnesota" (PDF). Census.gov. August 1982. p. 24. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  38. ^ "1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics Minnesota" (PDF). Census.gov. April 17, 1992. p. 20. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
  39. ^ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000". Census.gov. Decennial Census, DEC Summary File 4 Demographic Profile, Table DP1. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  40. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Chisago County, Minnesota". Census.gov.
  41. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Chisago County, Minnesota". Census.gov.
  42. ^ "Detailed Race and Ethnicities (in combination) in Chisago County, MN: 2020 Census". Tableau. September 21, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  43. ^ "Detailed Race and Ethnicities (alone) in Chisago County, MN: 2020 Census". Tableau. September 21, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  44. ^ a b "Social Explorer". Social Explorer. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  45. ^ a b "Social Explorer". Social Explorer. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Bureau, U.S. Census. "Explore Census Data". Explore Census Data. Retrieved May 29, 2024. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  47. ^ C, Joel (April 24, 2023). "Congregational Membership". theARDA. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
  48. ^ a b "County Board of Commissioners - Official Website". Chisago County, MN. January 3, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  49. ^ "Departments - Official Website". Chisago County, MN. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  50. ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 17, 2018.

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45°30′09″N 92°54′30″W / 45.50247°N 92.90834°W / 45.50247; -92.90834

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